During prophase 1, homologous chromosomes pair and exchange DNA (homologous recombination) .

在前期 1，染色体配对并交换 DNA（重组）。

Many animals have similar traits because they're related, called homologous traits.

许多动物有相特征，因为它们是亲缘，称为特征。

The other repair mechanism is called homology-directed repair which relies on homologous recombination.

另一种修复机制依赖于重组，叫作介导修复。

The process of pairing the homologous chromosomes is called synapsis.

染色体配对过程称为联会。

Studying homologous and analogous traits, evolutionary history, and other relationships among living things is called phylogenetics.

研究生物之间和类特征、和其他关系被称为系统遗传学。

Figuring out if a trait is homologous or analogous can be really hard.

弄清楚一个特征是还是类真很难。

Zygotene Chromosomes approximately line up with each other into homologous chromosome pairs through synaptonemal complex.

偶线期染色体通过联会复合体大致排列成染色体对。

Anaphase 1 Kinetochore microtubules shorten, pulling homologous chromosomes, which consist of a pair of sister chromatids, to opposite poles.

后期 1动粒微管变短，将由一对姐妹染色单体组成染色体拉向相反两极。

Pachytene This is the stage when homologous recombination, including chromosomal crossover (crossing over) , occurs.

粗线期这是发生重组阶段，包括染色体互换。

So if we thought the wings of insects, bats, and pterosaurs were homologous traits, we'd group them together.

所以如果我们认为昆虫、蝙蝠和翼龙翅膀是，我们会把它们归为一类。

Non-sister chromatids of homologous chromosomes may exchange segments over regions of homology.

染色体非姐妹染色单体可以在区域交换片段。

Homologous parts tend to vary in the same manner, and homologous parts tend to cohere.

部分倾向于以相方式变，而部分倾向于凝聚。

Diplotene The synaptonemal complex degrades and homologous chromosomes separate from one another a little.

双线期联会复合体解体，染色体开始分离。

Different today, but both are inherited from a common ancestor, so they're homologous.

今天不，但两者都是从共祖先继承而来，因此它们是。

End 1 then pairs up with a complementary strand of the intact homologous DNA region, creating a loop in the homologous DNA.

然后End 1与完整DNA区域上互补链配对，在DNA上形成一个环。

Metaphase 1 Homologous pairs move together along the metaphase plate: the paired homologous chromosomes align along an equatorial plane that bisects the spindle.

中期 1染色体对沿着中期板一起移动：成对染色体沿着将纺锤体一分为二赤道平面排列。

However, the homologous chromosomes of each bivalent remain tightly bound at chiasmata, the regions where crossing-over occurred.

然而，每个二价体染色体仍然紧密结合在交叉部位，也就是发生交叉区域。

Then End 1 releases the homologous DNA and its last few nucleotides bind to the last nucleotides of End 2.

然后，End 1会释放DNA，其末端核苷酸与End 2末端核苷酸相结合。

Our 46 chromosomes come in 23 pairs of two homologous chromosomes, which code for the same traits and therefore have similar nucleotide sequences.

我们46条染色体由23对染色体组成；染色体编码相性状，因此具有相核苷酸序列。

Now, whether this is a homologous, meaning it was only one evolution, or it evolved several times, we don't really know.

现在，这是否是， 意味着它只是一次，或者它了几次， 我们真不知道。