stipe

The differentiation  of its sporophore is bud—stipe—pileus differentiation—pileus mature—spore scatter.

芝子实体分化过程，要经过菌芽—菌柄—菌盖分化—菌盖成熟—子飞。

Characteristics: Terrestrial ferns; stipes tuft, backlish at base; young fronds pinnaye with wider pinnae, when getting older, the fronds become bipinnate or tripinnatifid with slender pinnules.

，叶柄丛，基部黑色；较年轻叶子一回羽状复叶，较老叶子二回或三回羽状复叶。