Methods Urinary calculus were removed by ureteric lithotripsy with ureteroscope or mini-invasive percutaneous neral fistulation lithotripsy removed the urolithus.

方法应用管镜经道碎石或经皮造瘘碎石取路结石。

Ureteroureterostomy or pyeloureterostomy using native distal ureter were relatively effective and safe .It is advisable for the treatment of ureteric obstruction after kidney transplantation.

经腔移植管与自体管再吻合术，对干扰小，术后并发症少，可为开放手术治疗移植积水的优先选择。