And this is what is known as a transgenic operation.

这就是所谓转基因手术。

And we're using that in molecular biology now, in transgenic technology.

我们现在用于分子生物学和转基因技术。

In transgenic technology, also called gene splicing, we take a gene out of one organism and put it in another.

在转基因技术中， 也称为基因剪接，我们从一个生物体中取出一个基因放入另一个生物体中。

Importantly, ectopic expression of c-Fos in H2-c-fosLTR transgenic mice drives osteoblast and chondrocyte proliferation resulting in osteosarcoma and chondrogenic sarcoma.

重要是，H2-c-fosLTR转基因小鼠中c-Fos异位表达驱动了胞和软胞增殖，导致了肉瘤和软肉瘤形。

In eukaryotes, if the introduced genes are derived from another organism, the resulting transgenic plants or animals can be propagated by normal breeding.

转基因羊已经被生产了出来，可以通过它们奶生产有价值蛋白。目基因需要羊启动子（酪蛋白或乳清蛋白）以确保在乳腺中表达。从奶中纯化蛋白要比从培养胞中纯化蛋白要容易多。

But there are lots of extraordinary things we can do with GMOs already: We can create transgenic plants, which have genes derived from a different species.

但是我们已经可以用转基因生物做很多非凡事情：我们可以创造转基因植物，这些植物有来自不同物种基因。

If it works, the FHI will ask the government for permission to plant transgenic chestnuts in the wild, with the intention of re-establishing the species in America's woodlands.

如果可行，FHI则会向政府申请在自然环境中种植基因改良栗树，以重建美国林地栗树林。

Beginning with the lab of Paul Berg in 1972 (aided by EcoRI from Herbert Boyer's lab, building on work with ligase by Arthur Kornberg's lab), molecular biologists put these pieces together to produce the first transgenic organisms.

从1972年Paul Berg实验室开始（在Herbert Boyer实验室EcoRI帮助下，Arthur Kornberg实验室利用连接酶进行工作），分子生物学家这些碎片放在一起，生了第一批转基因生物。