Unable to compete head to head with these aggressive new creatures, the therapsids by and large vanished from the record.

它无力与这种凶猛新动展开势均力敢竞争，总来说从记录中消失了。

But there was something strange about this particular therapsid.

但是这个特殊兽孔目动有一些奇怪地方。

But a new group of synapsids was: the therapsids.

但是一组新突触动是：兽孔目动。

The casualties included most of the therapsids and other holdovers from the Paleozoic.

伤亡人员包括 来自古生代大部分治疗和其他残留。

On land, there were the amphibian-like temnospondyls and early relatives of mammals called therapsids.

在陆地上，有类似两栖动 temnospondyls 和哺乳动早期近亲，称为 therapsids。

Now, you and I are therapsids too, just so ya know, along with every mammal that's ever existed.

现在，你和我也是兽孔目动，正如你所知，以及曾经存在过每一种哺乳动。

Now, for more on therapsid family tree watch our episode, " When the Synapsids Struck Back" .

现在，要了解更多关于兽孔目家族树信息，请观看我集“当突孔目反击时”。

And therapsids developed a more flexible neck, a longer stride, and a more upright stance.

兽孔目动脖子更灵活，步幅更长，站姿更直。

And second, it looks like venom might run deep in the tree of life, including within our extended family, the therapsids.

其次，看起来毒液可能深入生命之树，包括我大家庭兽孔类动。

In addition to their physical adaptations, we have other evidence that therapsids were capable of basic thermoregulation.

除了它身体适应性之外，我还有其他证据表明兽孔目动能够进行基本体温调节。

And all of these traits show up in one particular group of therapsids.

所有这些特征都出现在一组特定兽孔类动中。

While many therapsids have premolars and molars, this one didn't.

虽然许多兽孔目动有前臼齿和臼齿，但这个没有。

This indicates that at least some late therapsids might have had hair—a key adaption for insulation to maintain body temperature.

这表明至少一些晚期兽孔目动可能有毛发——这是保持体温绝缘体关键适应性。

You also have hair, specialized teeth, and nasal turbinates, like some of our distant cousins, the later therapsids, had.

你也有头发、特殊牙齿和鼻甲，就像我一些远亲，后来兽孔目动一样。

And researchers have also found hair-like structures alongside therapsid bones in the coprolites -- or fossilized poop -- of late Permian carnivores.

研究人员还在二叠纪晚期食肉动粪化石（或粪便化石）中发现了毛发状结构和兽孔类动骨头。

For example, instead of having a row of teeth that were all the same size and shape, therapsids had teeth with different shapes for different functions.

例如，兽孔类动没有一排大小和形状都相同牙齿，而是具有不同形状牙齿以实现不同功能。

Later carnivorous therapsids could even chew their prey rather than ripping off chunks of meat and swallowing them whole, like what reptiles and birds still do today.

后来肉食性兽孔目动甚至可以咀嚼猎，而不是像今天爬行动和鸟类那样撕下大块肉然后将它整个吞下。

These changes indicate that therapsids had a more versatile range of motion than other land vertebrates, which made them able to move faster and more energetically.

这些变化表明兽孔目动运动范围比其他陆地脊椎动更灵活，这使它能够移动得更快、更有活力。

Along with this secondary palate, some late therapsids developed features known as nasal turbinates, which are specialized structures in the nose that help animals take in oxygen more effectively.

除了这种次级上颚， 一些晚期兽孔目动还发展出了被称为鼻甲骨特征，这是鼻子中特殊结构， 可以帮助动更有效地吸收氧气。

It's part of an extinct lineage of therapsids called the therocephalians, or the " beast heads." Which, hey, I've been called worse than that.

它是一种已灭绝兽孔目动谱系一部分， 称为兽头动，或“兽头” 。 哪个，嘿，我被称为比那更糟。