Most epigenetic marks are erased when egg and sperm cells are formed.

当卵子和精子细胞形成时， 大多数表徵遗传的标记会被去除。

Male users may experience sperm cell abnormalities and decreased sperm count.

男性服用会出现精子细胞异常并且减少精子数量。

So an egg cell must be fertilized by a sperm cell to form two full sets of chromosomes.

因此，卵细胞必须由精子受精才形成两套完整的染体。

Occasionally, an accident occurs when the egg or sperm cell is forming, creating an extra chromosome number 21.

有时候，在卵细胞或精子形成时会发生意外，产生出一个多余的21号染体。

Normally, each egg and sperm cell contains 23 chromosomes, and, when they unite, 23 pairs or 46 in total.

正常情况下，每个卵细胞和精子含有23个染体，当它们结在一起时，总共有23对即46个染体。

Now, if an egg cell combines with any of these sperm cells that have the missing chromosome, then you get Turner syndrome.

现在，如果一个卵细胞与这些缺少染体的精子细胞中的任意一个相结，就会造成特征。

And his discoveries of blood cells, sperm cells, parasites and bacteria were altogether extraordinary.

他发现的血细胞、精子细胞、寄生虫和细菌都是极其非凡的。

You got to have So many progressively motile normal sperm cells to get a breeding done.

你需要有足够多的活动力逐步增强的正常精子细胞才完成配种。

Sperm cells were believed to be inert carriers of DNA, so scientists just...never really looked into it.

精子细胞被认为是 DNA 的惰性载体， 所以科学家们只是… … 从未真正研究过它。

Babies start to grow in the womb when a sperm cell meets an egg and fertilises it.

当精子细胞与卵子相遇并使其受精时，婴儿就开始在子宫中生长。

Well, why wouldn't the DNA of the sperm cells and the egg

那么，为什么精子细胞和卵子的 DNA 不以呢？

Basically, one of its ovaries started producing spermatocytes, the precursors to sperm cells.

基本上，它的其中一个卵巢开始产生精子细胞的前体——精母细胞。

The pollen grain itself contains only usually about three cells, so the sperm cell and another cell or two.

花粉粒本身通常只包含大约三个细胞，即一个精细胞和另外一至两个细胞。

The wind or a pollinator carried pollen from the flower of one of its parents to the other, where a sperm cell fertilized an egg.

风或传粉的昆虫把花粉从亲本植株中的一棵带到另一棵，在那里精子细胞使卵子受精。

Among the most important are the sertoli cells inside the tubes, which nourish developing sperm cells, sort of like how female follicle cells help oocytes.

其中最重要的是管内的支持细胞，它滋养发育中的精子细胞，有点像女性卵泡细胞如何帮助卵母细胞。

And what if you replaced that mutated gene before an embryo even developed -- like, in an egg or sperm cell?

如果你甚至在胚胎发育之前就替换了那个突变基因——比如在卵子或精子细胞中？

When the sperm cell from your father which carries an 'X' or a 'Y' chromosome fuse with the egg from your mother, which carries an 'X' chromosome.

这时，一个来自父亲的，携带“X”或“Y”染体精子会和来自母亲的，携带一个“X”染体的卵子结。

You'll see a lot of defects in the sperm cells if they've gotten too hot, gotten sick, any of that kind of stuff.

如果精子细胞过热或生病，你会看到很多缺陷。

In order to package up half the chromosomes into either a sperm cell or an egg cell, you actually start with a single cell that has 46 chromosomes.

为了将一半的染体打包装进精子或卵细胞中，你其实是从一个具有46条染体的体细胞开始的。

And so what plants do is they take their male sex cells, the sperm cells, and they package them up into a pollen grain.

因此，植物的做法是，它们将雄性生殖细胞——精子细胞——包裹进花粉粒中。