It needs deep expertise, years of specialization.

它要求极高的专业性和多年的领域专精。

But the benefits of specialization are limited.

但是专业的好处是有限的。

And my last year, I took specialization, which is crystallographer.

我大最后一年选修了一门专业科目，晶体。

Specialization is too risky, you've gotta be adaptable.

只擅长某种环境生存会太过危险，你必须要有很强的适应力。

We're all about cell specialization, and compartmentalizing our bodies.

我们需要对细胞专门，对我们的身体进行分部。

Now, this specialization decreases the the marginal cost of each pizza.

这种专业少了每个披萨的边际成本。

In school and in the workplace, the popular opinion is the idea of specialization.

和工作单位，最普遍的观点就是“专业”。

Yeah, I did five plus another year because I did a specialization master.

我了六年，因为我是专业硕士。

But because climate and seasons are more stable, that specialization isn't as risky.

但由于气候和季节较稳定，专精于某一环境并不危险。

Specializations are useful, because they can give you an edge when starting a career.

专业知识很有用，因为它们可给你开始职业生涯时带来优势。

In fact, at the time the biggest of specialization were phrenologists.

事实上，当时专业程度最高的是骨相家。

In every field, knowledge has exploded, but it has brought complexity, it has brought specialization.

每个领域，知识量呈爆炸式增长，这带来了复杂性和专业。

And for thousands of years of human history, specialization was, well, pretty minimal.

专业数千年的人类历史中显得很渺小。

But specialization goes beyond the assembly line for pizza.

专业不只用于披萨的流水作业线。

Without specialization, if you want something, you have to make it yourself.

没有专业的情况下，你想要什么都必须亲力亲为。

I went to Manchester University and got an engineering degree, with water management as my specialization.

我去了曼彻斯特大并获得了工程位，水资源管理是我的专业。

But specialization was only one of a series of related developments in science affecting the process of communication.

但是专业仅是科领域内一系列影响交流过程的有关现象之一。

Specialization can be seen as a response to the problem of an increasing accumulation of scientific knowledge.

专业可被视为针对科知识不断膨胀这个问题所做出的反应。

Today, Gage's true story fits with our understanding of brain specialization, just not the way that phrenologists thought.

今天，盖奇的故事符合我们对大脑专业的理解，而不是像骨相家所认为的那样。

Well, no. Remember, specialization and trade makes people, and in this case countries, better off.

这是不对的。请记住，专业和交易让人（例子中的国家）受益。