Another type of seedless vascular plant is ferns, also known as monilophytes.

另一种籽物蕨类物，也被称为单生物。

As you can tell, bryophytes and seedless vascular plants are not simply low-to-the-ground lurkers.

正如你所知，苔藓物和籽物并不简单的地下潜伏者。

You can find that in the seedless grapes sometimes.

有时您可以在籽葡萄中找到一点。

We're talking bryophytes and seedless vascular plants, the categories that include mosses and ferns, liverworts, and more.

我们说的苔藓物和籽物，类物包括苔藓、蕨类、苔类等。

Although many of the early seedless vascular plants have gone extinct, you can still find some of them growing today.

虽然许多早期的籽物已经灭绝了，但你仍然可以发现它们中的一些在今天生长。

All right, and then the secret weapon in the world of seedless pepper flakes, this is a Turkish maras biber.

好吧， 然后籽胡椒片世界的秘密武器，土耳其的 maras biber。

Some mutant individuals developed fruit without even having to be pollinated, resulting in our seedless bananas, grapes, oranges, and pineapples.

一些突变体甚至不需要授粉就能长出果实，从而产生了籽香蕉、葡萄、橙子和菠萝。

I mean the breadfruit tree, which is quite abundant on Gueboroa Island, and there I chiefly noted the seedless variety that in Malaysia is called rima.

我说的面包树，在格波罗尔岛上，种树非常多，我特别留心那没有核仁的一种，马来亚语它叫利马。

And they don't contain vascular tissue, the water and transport system found in all other plants, which developed later with seedless vasculars.

它们不含组，所有其他物中发现的水和运输系统，些物后来发展出籽。

Next time, we'll be using these tools to uncover the history of plants, starting with bryophytes and seedless vascular plants, some of the earliest plants on Earth.

下节课，我们将用些工具来揭开物的历史，从苔藓物和籽物开始，它们地球上最早的物。

So, a few hundred million years later, a cousin of the bryophytes showed up, Seedless Vascular Plants forming another branch on the plant family tree: seedless vascular plants.

因此，几亿年后，苔藓物的表亲籽物出现了，形成了物家族树的另一个分支：籽物。

Well, the bryophytes and seedless vascular plants were some of the first plants to arise from that event — and many of them still exist today!

苔藓物和籽物第一批从那次事件中产生的物，其中许多今天仍然存在！

Cultivated bananas were selected long ago to be all flesh and no seed, thereby inspiring modern agricultural scientists to develop seedless oranges, grapes, and watermelons as well.

很久以前，人们就选择了全肉籽的栽培香蕉，从而启发现代农业科学家开发籽橙子、葡萄和西瓜。

While size and tastiness are the most obvious criteria by which human hunter-gatherers select wild plants, other criteria include fleshy or seedless fruits, oily seeds, and long fibers.

虽然大小和味道人类狩猎采集者选择野生物的最明显标准，但其他标准还包括肉质或籽水果、油性种子和长纤。

From seedless watermelons, to bean plants that can survive frigid winters, to regular ol' broccoli, so much of what we find in the produce section we've altered in one way or another.

从籽西瓜，到能在寒冷的冬天存活的豆类物，再到普通的西兰花，我们在农产品区找到的很多东西都被我们以样或那样的方式改变了。

On top of that, seedless vascular plants — and all plants that evolved after them — have a dominant sporophyte, meaning that what we tend to recognize as the plant is actually its sporophyte generation.

最重要的，籽物——以及在它们之后进化的所有物——都有一个显性的孢子体，意味着我们倾向于认为的物实际上它的孢子体一代。

So, bryophytes and seedless vasculars can tell us a lot about how plants evolved over time, like how an older relative can tell you what life was like before cell phones or the Internet, or microwave popcorn.

所以，苔藓物和籽物可以告诉我们很多关于物如何随着时间进化的信息，就像一个年长的亲戚如何告诉你在手机、互联网或微波爆米花出现之前的生活什么样子的。

" No stranger than that Luther Burbank who was born on a farm in Massachusetts should have produced a seedless orange or that Henry Ford who was born on a farm in Michigan should have invented a Tin Lizzie" .

“出生在马萨诸塞州农场的 Luther Burbank 应该生产籽橙子，或者出生在密歇根州农场的 Henry Ford 应该发明 Tin Lizzie，并不奇怪”。

Having a dominant sporophyte introduced lots of advantages — like, while the spore-making generation of a bryophyte couldn't grow very far off the ground; the sporophytes of seedless vascular plants could grow much taller and larger, with more room for spore-producing organs.

拥有一个优势孢子体带来了很多好处——比如，苔藓物的产孢体不能长得离地面很远；而籽物的孢子体可以长得更高更大，有更多的空间容纳产孢器官。

" " No stranger than that Luther Burbank who was born on a farm in Massachusetts should have produced a seedless orange or that Henry Ford who was born on a farm in Michigan should have invented a Tin Lizzie." " But those are practical things.

“ ”更奇怪的，出生在马萨诸塞州农场的路德·伯班克 （Luther Burbank） 应该生产出籽橙子，或者出生在密歇根州农场的亨利·福特 （Henry Ford） 应该发明一种罐头橙子。”“但些都实际的事情。