Medical conditions that increase the risk for GERD include hiatal hernia, scleroderma, and Zollinger-Ellison syndrome.

增加GERD风险包括管裂孔疝、硬皮与佐林格-埃利森综合征（胃泌素瘤）。

In scleroderma, the muscle of the lower esophageal sphincter is replaced by connective tissue, so it can't contract properly.

在硬皮中，管下括约肌被结缔组织替代，不能正常收缩。

Pericarditis can also be seen in autoimmune diseases, like rheumatoid arthritis, scleroderma, or systemic lupus erythematosus, because the immune system attacks its own tissues, including the pericardium.

心包炎也可继发于自身，如类风湿性关节炎、硬皮或系统性红斑狼疮；此时系统攻击包括心包在内自身组织。