The common cold is often caused by a rhinovirus.

普通感冒通常由病毒引起。

Now, rhinovirus belongs to the picornaviridae family of viruses.

病毒属于小核糖核酸病毒。

On the other hand, rhinoviruses commonly infect the epithelium of the respiratory mucosa, which lines the nasal cavity.

另方面，病毒通常会感染围的呼吸道粘膜上皮细胞。

This attachment allows for rhinovirus to be eaten, or endocytosed, into the host cell.

这种附着允许病毒被吞食或内吞进入宿主细胞。

The symptoms of a rhinovirus infection are actually those often associated with the " common cold" .

病毒感染的症状实际上是经常与“普通感冒”相关的症状。

So rhinovirus transmission occurs through contact with infected respiratory secretions, like snot and aerosols, particularly from nose blowing or sneezing.

因此，病毒通过接触受感染的呼吸道分泌传播，如涕和气溶胶，尤其是擤涕或打喷嚏。

Many common colds are caused by rhinoviruses that have a geometric protein structure called a capsid instead of a lipid membrane.

很多普通感冒是由病毒引发的，它有种称为“衣壳”的几何蛋白结构，而不是脂质膜结构。

The first attempt to create a rhinovirus vaccine was a success— but a short-lived one.

首次研制病毒疫苗的尝试取得了成功，但却是现。

If we could eliminate all rhinovirus infections, we'd be a long way towards curing the common cold.

如果我们能够消除所有的病毒感染，那么我们在治愈普通感冒方面还有很长的路要走。

In 1957, William Price vaccinated 50 kids with inactivated rhinovirus and gave 50 others a placebo.

1957 年，威廉·普莱斯 (William Price) 为 50 名儿童接种了灭活病毒疫苗，并给另外 50 名儿童注射了安慰剂。

Here's one fact in our favor: a single family of viruses causes 30 to 50% of all colds: rhinovirus.

有个事实对我们有利：个病毒家族导致 30% 到 50% 的感冒：病毒。

This wasn't Price's fault— no one at the time knew that rhinovirus had multiple subtypes.

这不是普莱斯的错——当时没有人知道病毒有多种亚型。

Once rhinovirus has been introduced to the respiratory mucosa, it targets cell surface receptors expressed at the surface of nasal epithelial cells.

旦病毒被进入呼吸道粘膜，它的目标是在上皮细胞表面表达的细胞表面受体。

Not necessarily. Many common colds are caused by rhinoviruses that have a geometric protein structure called a capsid instead of a lipid membrane.

未必。很多普通感冒是由病毒引发的，它有种称为“衣壳”的几何蛋白结构，而不是脂质膜结构。

In addition to rhinoviruses, the common cold can also be caused by coronaviruses, like COVID-19, as well as respiratory syncytial virus and RSV.

除了病毒，普通感冒还可能由冠状病毒（如新冠病毒）以及呼吸道合胞病毒（RSV）引起。

Rhinovirus is mainly diagnosed clinically; especially when " common cold" symptoms are present without additional complications, concerning physical findings, or relevant medical history.

通常病毒感染可临床诊断，尤其当出现感冒症状却没有其它并发症时，可由些生理变化或相关病史来诊断疾病。

Now, because rhinovirus infections tend to be mild and self-limited, treatment typically centers on relieving symptoms and preventing other people from becoming infected.

由于病毒感染趋于轻度且自限，因此治疗通常集中在缓解症状和防止他人感染上。

And despite the small numbers, this was promising: the immune systems of vaccinated kids were successfully recognizing and responding to rhinovirus.

尽管数量很少，但这是有希望的：接种疫苗的儿童的免疫系统成功地识别并应对了病毒。

These viruses are the same ones that cause the common cold like rhinovirus, coronavirus, influenza virus, respiratory syncytial virus- or RSV for short, and parainfluenza virus.

这些致病病毒与导致普通感冒的病毒相同，如病毒、冠状病毒、流感病毒、呼吸道合胞病毒（简称RSV）以及副流感病毒。

There are more than 200 cold viruses, the most common of which are rhinoviruses (from the Greek " rin-, " for " nose" ).

有 200 多种感冒病毒，其中最常见的是病毒（ 来自希腊语“ rin- ” ，意为“ 子” ） 。