The common cold is often caused by a rhinovirus.

普通感冒通常由鼻毒引起。

Now, rhinovirus belongs to the picornaviridae family of viruses.

鼻毒属于小核糖核酸毒。

This attachment allows for rhinovirus to be eaten, or endocytosed, into the host cell.

这种附着允许鼻毒被吞食或内吞进入宿主细胞。

The symptoms of a rhinovirus infection are actually those often associated with the " common cold" .

鼻毒感染症状实际上是经常与“普通感冒”相关症状。

On the other hand, rhinoviruses commonly infect the epithelium of the respiratory mucosa, which lines the nasal cavity.

一方面，鼻毒通常会感染鼻腔周围呼吸道粘膜上皮细胞。

Many common colds are caused by rhinoviruses that have a geometric protein structure called a capsid instead of a lipid membrane.

很多普通感冒是由鼻毒引发，它有一种称为“衣壳”几何蛋白结构，而不是脂质膜结构。

The first attempt to create a rhinovirus vaccine was a success— but a short-lived one.

首次研制鼻毒疫试取得了成功，但却是昙花一现。

Well we now know that a cold, or a rhinovirus is going to look like this.

我们现在知道，感冒毒或者说鼻毒样子是这样。

This is a picture of a typical rhinovirus.

这是一张典型鼻毒图片。

If we could eliminate all rhinovirus infections, we'd be a long way towards curing the common cold.

如果我们能够消除所有鼻毒感染，那么我们在治愈普通感冒方面还有很长路要走。

It's called rhinovirus because it's going to infect this upper portion of our respiratory tract.

这种毒被称为鼻毒，因为它会感染我们呼吸道上部。

So rhinovirus transmission occurs through contact with infected respiratory secretions, like snot and aerosols, particularly from nose blowing or sneezing.

因此，鼻毒通过接触受感染呼吸道分泌传播，如鼻涕和气溶胶，尤其是擤鼻涕或打喷嚏。

In 1957, William Price vaccinated 50 kids with inactivated rhinovirus and gave 50 others a placebo.

1957 年，威廉·普莱斯 (William Price) 为 50 名儿童接种了灭活鼻毒疫，并给外 50 名儿童注射了安慰剂。

Not necessarily. Many common colds are caused by rhinoviruses that have a geometric protein structure called a capsid instead of a lipid membrane.

未必。很多普通感冒是由鼻毒引发，它有一种称为“衣壳”几何蛋白结构，而不是脂质膜结构。

In addition to rhinoviruses, the common cold can also be caused by coronaviruses, like COVID-19, as well as respiratory syncytial virus and RSV.

除了鼻毒，普通感冒还可能由冠状毒（如新冠毒）以及呼吸道合胞毒（RSV）引起。

Here's one fact in our favor: a single family of viruses causes 30 to 50% of all colds: rhinovirus.

有一个事实对我们有利：一个毒家族导致 30% 到 50% 感冒：鼻毒。

This wasn't Price's fault— no one at the time knew that rhinovirus had multiple subtypes.

这不是普莱斯错——当时没有人知道鼻毒有多种亚型。

Rhinovirus is mainly diagnosed clinically; especially when " common cold" symptoms are present without additional complications, concerning physical findings, or relevant medical history.

通常鼻毒感染可临床诊断，尤其当出现感冒症状却没有其它并发症时，可由一些理变化或相关史来诊断疾。

Now, because rhinovirus infections tend to be mild and self-limited, treatment typically centers on relieving symptoms and preventing other people from becoming infected.

由于鼻毒感染趋于轻度且自限，因此治疗通常集中在缓解症状和防止他人感染上。

Once rhinovirus has been introduced to the respiratory mucosa, it targets cell surface receptors expressed at the surface of nasal epithelial cells.

一旦鼻毒被进入呼吸道粘膜，它目标是在鼻上皮细胞表面表达细胞表面受体。