I bet it was Barbara Chen in retrovirus.

肯定是逆转录酶病部门的Barbara Chen。

OUR BIOLOGY TEACHER asked the class whether anyone knew what the word retrovirus meant.

生问班上有没有知道逆转录病的意思。

One kid raised his hand and said, " Retrovirus, or more commonly known as ... disco fever."

“逆转录病，或者更通俗的说法是… … 迪斯科狂热。”

HIV, a retrovirus that infects various human cell types, can lead to FSGS and is called HIV-associated nephropathy.

HIV，一种感染类不同细胞的逆转录病，可能导致FSGS，称为HIV相关肾病。

HIV is a single-stranded, positive-sense, enveloped RNA retrovirus, meaning that it injects its single strand of RNA into the T-helper cell.

HIV是单链、正义、有囊膜的RNA逆转录病，也就是说，病会将单链DNA注入辅助T细胞中。

Because HIV is a retrovirus, the RNA is transcribed into DNA, represented here by a zipper of two RNA strands transcribing into DNA.

由于艾滋病是反向病，所以RNA被转录为DNA，在这里以拉鍊代表两条RNA转录为DNA。

The one thing itdoes do is make it possible for retroviruses, such as the AIDS virus, to slip unnoticed into the human system.

它所做的一件事就是使诸如艾滋病病的逆转录酶病神不知鬼不觉地溜进统中。

HIV is a retrovirus, meaning it integrates copies of itself into an infected cell's DNA, allowing it to replicate and infect other cells.

艾滋病病是一种逆转录病，它能把自身遗传质整合复制到被感染细胞的DNA中，实现自我复制并感染其他细胞。

It is called the porcine endogenous retrovirus (PERV), and this virus has the potential to cause a viral epidemic similar to HIV.

它被称为猪内源性逆转录病 (PERV)，这种病有可能引起类似于 HIV 的病流行。

The " retro" part of retrovirus isn't referring to its style, but refers to it needing to use an enzyme called reverse transcriptase to transcribe a complementary double-stranded piece of " proviral" DNA.

逆转录病“retrovirus”中的“retro”并不是指复古风格，而是指它需要逆转录酶合成前病DNA的互补双链。

Scientists wanted to know the structure of a protein-cutting enzyme produced by a retrovirus similar to HIV. They haven't been able to solve the protein structure using standard computational methods.

科学家们很想掌握由反向病所衍生的蛋白剪切酶的结构，而反向病是指，比如HIV这样的病。这类蛋白结构是不能通过标准算法法则推导就直接得出的。

RNA tests screen for viral RNA, so they also detect the virus directly, and DNA tests look for copies of the viral RNA (since remember it's a retrovirus so it copies its genetic material into DNA).

RNA检测是筛查病RNA，因此可以直接检测病；DNA检测是检测病RNA的复制产，因为HIV是逆转录病，它将自身的遗传质复制到DNA中。

So researchers think that, more than 190 million years ago, some retrovirus attacked one of our mammal ancestors, and inserted bits of its genetic material into its host's DNA that made that viral protein.

因此，研究员认为， 在 1.9 亿多年前，一些逆转录病攻击了我们的哺乳动祖先之一，并将其​​遗传质的一部分插入宿主的 DNA 中， 从而产生该病蛋白。