The next branch on the phylogenetic tree is liverworts.

系统发育树上的下一个分支是苔类植物。

Sequence alignment, building phylogenetic trees to look at evolutionary relationships.

序列排列，建立系统发育树来观察进化关系。

Studying homologous and analogous traits, evolutionary history, and other relationships among living things is called phylogenetics.

研究生物之间的同源和类似特征、进化史和其他关系被称为系统遗传。

It's confusing, I am aware, but phylogenetics is hard.

这令人困惑，我知道，但系统发育。

This family tree diagram is called a phylogenetic tree or cladogram.

该家谱图称为系统发育树或分支图。

Phylogenetic analyses work best when there are lots and lots of characters.

当有多字符时，系统发育分析最有效。

Phylogenetic trees are constructed using the principle of parsimony.

系统发育树是使用简约原则构建的。

And based on these haplogroups, they used mathematical models to come up with an evolutionary, or phylogenetic, tree.

基于这些单倍群，他们使用数模型提出了进化树或系统发育树。

When the fossil evidence didn't have all the answers, the team used a scientific technique known as phylogenetic bracketing.

当化石证据不能提供所有答案时，该团队使用了一种称为系统发育括号法的科技术。

We use a computer program to help us develop phylogenetic trees.

我们使用计算机程序来帮助我们开发系统发育树。

It is an interesting challenge to develop a phylogenetic tree with the fewest number of changes.

开发变化最少的系统发育树是一项有趣的挑战。

The hypothesis was plausible, but to  test if the timing actually matched up, the researchers then performed  a phylogenetic analysis.

这个假设是合理的， 但为了测试时间是否确实匹配，研究人员随后进行了系统发育分析。

Most work was still done in the natural history mode, which emphasized morphological and phylogenetic analysis over experiment-based causal explanations.

部分工作仍在自然历史模式下进行，这种模式强调形态和系统发生分析，而不是基于实验的因果解释。

As I've mentioned before a phylogenetic tree is a branching diagram showing the relationships between species.

正如我之前提到的，系统发育树是一个显示物种之间关系的分支图。

As we find new species of dinosaurs, we need to place these new finds in our phylogenetic tree.

当我们发现新的恐龙物种时，我们需要将这些新发现放入我们的系统发育树中。

Keeping track of who's related to who can get messy, so we study animal relationships using a diagram called a phylogeny or a phylogenetic tree.

记录谁与谁是有关系的会变得混乱，因此我们利用一个图示来研究物的关系，那就是系统发生树，或进化树。

DrSicoli thus turned to computational phylogenetic analysis, an area of linguistic research that tries to work out whether and how such interaction may have taken place.

因此，西里科利斯转向利用计算系统分析，一个试图找出语言如何相互交流的研究领域。

This is called phylogenetic bracketing -- using the presence of traits across related species to make an educated guess where those traits might occur.

这被称为系统发育括号法——利用相关物种中存在的特征来对这些特征可能出现的位置进行有根据的猜测。

In addition, you'll interact with dinosaur bones and phylogenetic trees, using an interactive module built just for your use in this course.

此外，您将使用专门为您在本课程中使用而构建的交互式模块，与恐龙骨骼和系统发育树进行交互。

We can get a feel for how these plant types came to be by referring to the plant kingdom's phylogenetic tree, a diagram that shows us how organisms evolved over time.

我们可以通过参考植物界的系统发育树来了解这些植物类型是如何形成的，这张图向我们展示了生物体是如何随着时间进化的。