I can look at phonetics and phonology — speech sounds.

我可研究语学学——还有语。

Morphology is the next level up. Phonology is sounds.

形态学更上一层楼。学就是声。

Research has found explicit support and instruction in areas like phonology, syntax, and spelling can lead to success for dyslexic learners.

研究发现，在学、语法拼写等方面的明确支持指导可帮助失读症学习者取得成功。

Unless you think it'll be more worthwhile for me to do the phonology course?

除非你觉得我上学课更值得？

But what you don't find in any real sense is phonology, morphology, syntax, combinatorial systems or arbitrary names.

但你找不到任何真正意义上的学、形态学、句法、系统或任意名称。

And what we had spoken about was--We first talked about universals of language, then moved to some detail about the different aspects of language including phonology, morphology, and syntax.

我们所讨论的是——我们首先讨论了语言的共性，然后讨论了语言不同方面的一些细节，包括学、形态学句法。

Once he has been accepted, Dr Kaufman and his colleagues start chipping away at the language's phonology (the sounds of which it is composed) and its syntax (how its meaning is changed by the order of words and phrases).

一旦他被录用，考夫曼博士及其同事就开始不断研究那种语言的位学（即成这个体系的各种发）句法（其词汇短语的次序如何改变意思）。

Theoretical Linguistics is the analysis of language structure focusing on analysis of the sound patterns of language (phonology), the structure of words (morphology), the structure of sentences (syntax), and the interpretation of words and sentences(semantics).

理论语言学是对语言结构的分析，重点分析语言的声模式（系学）、词语结构（形态学）、句子结构（句法）及词语句子的解释（语义学）。