The treaty is set to come into force in January and replaces the transition phase.

该条约将于明年1月生效，并取代过渡阶段。

Researchers compare traffic jams to the particles in a liquid and a solid; moving cars are like the free-flowing particles in a liquid, but can undergo a " phase transition" to that of a compacted solid.

研究人员将交通堵塞比作液体和固体中的微粒。移动的汽车就像液体中自由流动的粒子，但可以经历“相变”从而变成压缩的固体。

The proposals from the Saudi-backed high negotiations committee envisage President Bashar al-Assad's stepping down after a first 6-month transition phase, something he has always insisted he won't do.

在长达六个月之久的过渡期后，应让叙总统巴沙尔下台，虽然这是巴沙尔本人简称绝不会做的事情。

Turns out, quantum vortices also involved in an entirely new topological phase transition discovered by these two physicists!

事实证明，这两的一个全新的拓扑相变中也涉及到了量子涡旋！

Two of the Nobel prize winners, Michael Kosterlitz and David Thouless, studied phase transitions in stuff that's really cold, and really thin—just a few atoms thick.

迈克尔·科斯特利茨和戴维·索利斯 ，研究了在极寒和只有几个原子叠在一起那么厚的极薄质中的相变。

You've heard of things melting, boiling, freezing, and condensing… but there are other kinds of phase transitions, too.

你听过体的融化、沸腾、冻结和浓缩等，但还有其他种类的相变。

Phase transitions describe how one state of matter becomes another, thanks to changing conditions like temperature.

相变描述了受温度等条件变化的影响下，质的一种状态是如何变成另一种状态的。

It's called the electroweak phase transition or the electroweak symmetry breaking.

这被称为电弱相变或电弱对称性破缺。

It's exactly—it's a phase transition, but it's a double phase transition.

这正是——它是一个相变，但这是一个双重相变。

VOICE OVER: This change in properties is a kind of phase transition, from flexible or flowing to stiff and rigid, and it happens when the individual particles jam together.

画外音：这种特性变化是一种相变，从柔性或流动到僵硬和刚性， 当单个粒子挤在一起时就会生这种情况。

And this is important because at low temperatures, gapless quantum systems can undergo phase transitions, while gapped systems cannot.

这很重要， 因为在低温下，无间隙量子系统可以生相变，而间隙系统则不能。

You’ve heard of things melting, boiling, freezing, and condensing… but there are other kinds of phase transitions, too.

你听说过融化、沸腾、冻结和冷凝的事… … 但也有其他类型的相变。

One common example of a phase transition is the freezing of water when you cool it down.

相变的一个常见例子是当你冷却水时它会结冰。

Or let's say a phase transition has to arrive where the AI becomes self-sufficient in its learning.

或者说，需要达到一个相变点，让AI在其习过程中实自给自足。

We can say, okay, that's when this electroweak phase transition happened.

我们可以这么说，好的，这就是电弱相变生的时候。

Two of the Nobel prize winners, Michael Kosterlitz and David Thouless, studied phase transitions in stuff that’s really cold, and really thin – just a few atoms thick.

两诺贝尔奖得主， 迈克尔·科斯特利茨和戴维·索利斯，研究了极冷且极薄的质（只有几原子厚）的相变。

Later work has also cast doubt on whether there could be a phase transition in the very early universe of the kind required.

后来的工作也对极早期宇宙中是否可能存在所需类型的相变提出了质疑。

It turns out it happens—there's actually two things going on at once at this phase transition, which is

结果表明， 在这一相变过程中， 实际上同时生了两件事情， 这一点非常引人注目。

In like a phase transition and assembly theory is actually be able to explain why that boundary is where it is.

在相变和组合论中，实际上能够解释为何这一界限于此处。

There's no discrete phase transition like that.

不存在那样明确的相变过程。