The socket is lined on the inside by a periodontal ligament.

牙周韧带使牙槽排列整齐排列。

The root is covered by cementum, which is a bonelike substance that the periodontal ligament's fibers attach to.

包裹着牙根的是牙骨质，是一种骨样物质，也是牙周韧带纤维连接的部分。

You have something much worse: periodontal disease.

你有更糟糕的事情：牙周病。

These changes may increase pathogenic organisms or their activity causing a series of oral infectious diseases such as dental caries or periodontal diseases.

这些改变增加致病微生物的数量提高其活性，从而导致诸、牙周疾病等一系列口腔感染性疾病。

Animals as adults commonly get periodontal disease, so we really should be brushing their teeth, and more pet owners are starting to do this.

成年后的动物通常患牙周病， 所以我们真的应该给它们刷牙，而且越来越多的宠物主人开始这样做。

In pregnancy, the oral microbiota goes through some important changes which lead to colonisation of various microorganisms especially periodontal pathogens that may be a risk for the health of the pregnant woman.

怀孕期间，口腔微生物群经历许多重要变化；这些变化导致多种微生物的定植，尤其是牙周致病菌的定植，威胁到孕妇健康。

These include stem cells from human exfoliated deciduousteeth (SHED), stem cells from apical papilla (SCAP), dental follicleprecursor cells (DFPCs), periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs), and gingiva-derived mesenchymal stem cells.

这些包括来自人类脱落的脱落的干细胞(SHED), 来自顶乳头(SCAP)的干细胞, 牙囊前体细胞(DFPC), 牙周韧带干细胞(PDLSCs)和牙龈来源的间充质干细胞。

This alteration can disrupt the bacterial equilibrium in the oral cavity by increasing harmful bacteria and decreasing the beneficial ones, thus leading to a series of oral infectious diseases such as dental caries, or periodontal diseases.

这种改变增加有害菌、减少有益菌，从而破坏口腔中的细菌平衡，导致、牙周疾病等一系列口腔感染性疾病的发生。