The socket is lined on the inside by a periodontal ligament.

牙周韧带使牙槽排列整齐排列。

The root is covered by cementum, which is a bonelike substance that the periodontal ligament's fibers attach to.

包裹着牙根是牙骨质，是一种骨样质，也是牙周韧带纤维连接部分。

You have something much worse: periodontal disease.

你有更糟糕事情：牙周病。

These changes may increase pathogenic organisms or their activity causing a series of oral infectious diseases such as dental caries or periodontal diseases.

这些改变可能会增加致病微生量提性，从而导致诸如龋齿、牙周疾病等一系列口腔感染性疾病。

Animals as adults commonly get periodontal disease, so we really should be brushing their teeth, and more pet owners are starting to do this.

成年后动通常会患牙周病， 所以我们真应该给它们刷牙，而且越来越多宠主人开始这样做。

In pregnancy, the oral microbiota goes through some important changes which lead to colonisation of various microorganisms especially periodontal pathogens that may be a risk for the health of the pregnant woman.

怀孕期间，口腔微生群会经历许多重要变化；这些变化会导致多种微生定植，尤是牙周致病菌定植，可能会威胁到孕妇健康。

These include stem cells from human exfoliated deciduousteeth (SHED), stem cells from apical papilla (SCAP), dental follicleprecursor cells (DFPCs), periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs), and gingiva-derived mesenchymal stem cells.

这些包括来自人类脱落脱落干细胞(SHED), 来自顶乳头(SCAP)干细胞, 牙囊前体细胞(DFPC), 牙周韧带干细胞(PDLSCs)和牙龈来源间充质干细胞。

This alteration can disrupt the bacterial equilibrium in the oral cavity by increasing harmful bacteria and decreasing the beneficial ones, thus leading to a series of oral infectious diseases such as dental caries, or periodontal diseases.

这种改变会增加有害菌、减少有益菌，从而破坏口腔中细菌平衡，导致龋齿、牙周疾病等一系列口腔感染性疾病发生。