The carpel is homologous with the megasporophylls of certain spore-bearing vascular plants (pteridophytes) and the ovuliferous scales of gymnosperms.

心皮和能产生孢维管物（羊齿类）还有具胚物大孢叶是同源。

Bract scale The structure found in large numbers in the female cone of gymnosperms, each bearing an ovuliferous scale in its axil.

在物雌球果中大量存在结构，每个苞鳞都包含一个鳞。