He has neuroblastoma cancer which has recurred for a third time.

他患有神胞瘤，这已是第三次复发了。

A poorly differentiated neuroblastoma is composed of slightly more differentiated cells, with smaller nuclei and a bit more cytoplasm.

分化不良型神胞瘤由分化稍多一些的胞组成，有较小的胞核和多一点的胞质。

Symptoms of neuroblastoma result from the chemokine release, and include fever, weight loss, sweating, and fatigue.

神胞瘤症状的产生源于趋化因子的释放，包括发热、体重减轻、出汗和乏力。

Generally speaking, the best treatment outcomes are among the youngest patients that have a differentiating neuroblastoma.

一般来说，龄小且是分化型肿瘤的病人治疗效果最好。

About half of all neuroblastomas spread to the bones, causing bone pain and small fractures.

大约一半的神胞瘤会转移到骨骼，造成骨痛和轻微骨折。

A touching example of this was when Jermain Defoe walked out with the then-six-year-old Bradley Lowery who was diagnosed with neuroblastoma.

一个感人的例子是，杰梅因·迪福和当时六岁的布拉德利·洛里一起出场，当时他被诊断患有成神胞瘤。

When any type of neuroblastoma forms, cells in the surrounding tissue release chemokines called CXCL12 and that stimulates nearby immune cells.

无论哪种神胞瘤形成，周围组织的胞都会释放CXCL12趋化因子，激活附近的免疫胞。

Finally, a differentiating neuroblastoma is composed of cells with lots of cytoplasm, and is often surrounded by a substance called Schwannian stroma.

分化型神胞瘤的组成胞有大量胞质，并且常被一种叫做Schwannian基质的物质包围。

High levels of HMA and VMA are usually the first indication of neuroblastoma.

高水平的HMA和VMA通常是神胞瘤的早期征象。

Other symptoms of neuroblastoma depend on where the tumor is located, and are usually a result of the tumor pressing up against surrounding organs.

还有一些症状取决于肿瘤的位置，常常由肿瘤压迫周围器官而产生。

An undifferentiated neuroblastoma is mostly comprised of neural crest cells, which are sometimes called small round blue cells, due to a lack of cytoplasm, and a large blue nuclei.

未分化型神胞瘤主要由神嵴胞组成，有时也被称为蓝色小圆胞，这是由于胞缺少胞质，且有较大的蓝染的胞核。

A CT scan can show location and size of the tumor, and a complete blood count can help determine whether neuroblastoma has spread to the bone marrow.

CT可显示肿瘤的位置和大小，而全血胞计数能帮助确定肿瘤是否已转移到骨髓。

Alright, as a quick recap, neuroblastoma is a condition where neural crest cells of the developing sympathetic nervous system and adrenal medulla do not differentiate normally.

好！简单回顾一下：神胞瘤是由于发育中的交感神链和肾上腺髓质的神嵴胞没有正常分化。

There are three types of neuroblastomas, and they're categorized based on the size and shape of the tumor cells: undifferentiated, poorly differentiated, and differentiating neuroblastoma.

神胞瘤有三种类型，是基于肿瘤胞的大小和形状分类为未分化型、分化不良型和分化型神胞瘤。

In addition, the cells of a poorly differentiated neuroblastoma may be surrounded by a substance called neuropil, which is a dense network of interwoven nerve fibers, like axon and dendrite branches.

分化不良型神胞瘤的胞可能被神纤维网包围，即由轴突和树突分支等神纤维交织成的密集网状结构。

If a neuroblastoma cell breaks away and gets into the blood or lymph, it will sometimes migrate towards the organs where CXCL12 is normally produced - creating metastatic tumors there.

如果神胞瘤的胞脱落到血液或淋巴液中，有时也会移动到生成CXCL12的器官，在那里形成转移瘤。

Diagnosis of neuroblastoma usually starts with testing for HMA and VMA in the blood or urine, since high levels those metabolites may indicate tumors that secrete epinephrine and norepinephrine.

对于神胞瘤的诊断，通常先检测血或尿中的HMA和VMA，这是因为代谢产物含量高可提示肿瘤在释放肾上腺素和去甲肾上腺素。

So, we took him to our pedestrian and within an hour, there was an ambulance at the doctor's office, sending us to Albany Medical Center where right away, they determined that he did have stage 4 neuroblastoma.

所以，我们在一个小时把他带到人行道上，在医生的办公室附近有一辆救护车把我们送到奥尔巴尼医疗中心，他被诊断有四级神胞瘤。