Specimens were collected in accordance with CDC guidance and included serum and nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal swab specimens.

的案例定义。 标是根据 CDC 指南收集的， 包括血清、和口拭子标。

The initial respiratory specimens (nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal swabs) obtained from this patient on day 4 of his illness were positive for 2019-nCoV (Table 2).

该患者在发病 4 天采集的初始呼吸道标（和口拭子）呈 2019-nCoV 阳性（表 2）。

Specimens for repeat 2019-nCoV testing were collected on illness days 7, 11, and 12 and included nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal swabs, serum, and urine and stool samples.

在发病 7 天、 11 天和 12 天收集用于重复 2019-nCoV 检测的标， 包括和口拭子、血清以及尿液和粪。

The full genome sequences from oropharyngeal and nasopharyngeal specimens were identical to one another and were nearly identical to other available 2019-nCoV sequences.

来自口和标的全基因组序列彼此相同， 并且与其他可用的 2019-nCoV 序列几乎相同。

Nucleic acid was extracted from rRT-PCR–positive specimens (oropharyngeal and nasopharyngeal) and used for whole-genome sequencing on both Sanger and next-generation sequencing platforms (Illumina and MinIon).

从 rRT-PCR 阳性标（口和）中提取核酸， 并用于在 Sanger 和下一代测序平台（Illumina 和 MinIon）上进行全基因组测序。

Nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal swab specimens were collected with synthetic fiber swabs; each swab was inserted into a separate sterile tube containing 2 to 3 ml of viral transport medium.

和口拭子标采用合成纤维拭子采集； 每个拭子被插入一个单独的无菌试管中， 试管中装有 2 至 3 毫升的病毒转运培养基。

Both upper respiratory specimens obtained on illness day 7 remained positive for 2019-nCoV, including persistent high levels in a nasopharyngeal swab specimen (Ct values, 23 to 24).

在患病 7 天获得的两份上呼吸道标仍呈 2019-nCoV 阳性， 包括拭子标中的持续高水平（Ct 值， 23 至 24）。

A second episode of loose stool was reported overnight; a sample of this stool was collected for rRT-PCR testing, along with additional respiratory specimens (nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal) and serum.

隔夜报告了二次稀； 收集了该粪用于 rRT-PCR 检测， 以及其他呼吸道标（和口）和血清。

To perform RT-PCR, some of the extracted sample from the nasopharyngeal swab is added to a solution containing an enzyme called reverse transcriptase, nucleotides and primers that are complimentary to a specific SARS-CoV-2 target sequence.

RT-PCR的操作步骤是：首先将拭子的部分加入到含有逆转录酶、核苷酸和引物的溶液中，其中的引物将与SARS-CoV-2病毒的目标序列互补。

To do that, you would collect a nasopharyngeal swab which is where you take a long q-tip with only one soft end and twirl it a few times inside a nostril to get enough secretions on it to be analyzed.

医护人员首先需要向被采对象采集拭子，即用一根较长的无菌棉签探入到腔，并在腔内部停留几秒转动二三圈，取用作分析。

The low cycle threshold (Ct) values (18 to 20 in nasopharyngeal specimens and 21 to 22 in oropharyngeal specimens) on illness day 4 suggest high levels of virus in these specimens, despite the patient's initial mild symptom presentation.

发病 4 天的低循环阈值 (Ct) 值（标为 18 至 20， 口标为 21 至 22）表明这些标中的病毒水平很高， 尽管患者最初的症状很轻微。