I would argue DNA methylation is also dynamic and not fatalistic either.

我会认为 DNA 化也是动态变化，并非宿命。

Methylation basically means your DNA gets some chemical hop-ons that can change how genes are expressed.

化本上意味着你 DNA 得到一些化学跃上，可以改变因表达方式。

The most common mechanism is methylation.

最常见方式是通过化作用来完成。

Wang worked in Trey Ideker's lab, where they study changing patterns of DNA methylation in humans.

王在特雷·艾德克实验室工作，他们在那里研究人类DNA化模式变化。

In 2021, researchers published a study that looked at methylation of DNA in human and primate brains.

2021年，研究人员发表一项研究，研究人类和灵长类大脑中DNA化。

And in rats, such methylation makes young animals especially sensitive to stress, and also fearful of novelty.

而老鼠试验表明，这样化过程让幼小动物对压力尤其敏感，对新鲜事物也感到恐惧。

Dr Tung and Dr Gilad found that methylation patterns were systematically different in high- and low-ranking animals.

博士东和吉拉德发现模式在地位高级和地位低级动物之间是不一样，且这种不一样是系统不一样。

Normally the paternal grandmother's methylation, after being passed to the father, would be erased when the father's making sperm.

正常情况下，奶奶化因遗传给父亲后，在父亲产生精子时会发生去化。

In the case of stress, previous studies have suggested that methylation of the gene which encodes glucocorticoid receptors is important.

以往研究表明，当母亲压力过大时，负责为糖皮质激素受体编码因化具有重要意义。

The same process happens in dogs-and published reports existed from other labs about methylation patterns in dogs changing over time.

同样过程也发生在狗狗身上，而且其他实验室也发表有关狗化模式随时间而变化报告。

Sometimes that methylation occurs on the paternal chromosome even when there's no imprinting center defect, and that's called an epimutation.

有时即使印记中心没有突变，父源染色体也可以发生化，这一过程称为表观突变。

And we found that if we increased methylation, these animals go even crazier.

我们发现， 如果我们增加化，这些动物会变得更加疯狂。

The UCLA study used gay and straight male twins and found that a specific methylation pattern was closely linked to sexual orientation.

加州大学洛杉矶分校研究用男同恋双胞胎和男异恋双胞胎，发现一种特定化模式与取向密切相关。

In infants, the level of glucocorticoid-receptor methylation is correlated with the release, in response to stress, of higher-than-normal amounts of stress hormones.

胎儿糖皮质激素化程度与人体抑郁时分泌过多压力激素有关。

And when David looked at the methylation clock  of the mice in his experiment, the patterns had changed.

VO：当大卫在他实验中观察小鼠化时钟时，模式发生变化。

Nor was the mother's own methylation affected by violence towards her.

而且她们本身因化与否也跟是否遭到家庭暴力无关。

As before, the mice didn't just regain their vision, their cells also appeared younger  according to the DNA methylation clock.

VO：和以前一样，老鼠不仅恢复视力，根据 DNA 化时钟，它们细胞也显得更年轻。

If those genes are being fine tuned through methylation, our brains growth and evolution might depend more on the serebelum than we thought.

如果这些因通过化得到微调，那么我们大脑生长和进化可能比我们想象更依赖于血清。

Horvath and his colleagues gleaned information from 8,000 samples to chart methylation in healthy and diseased organs, tissues and cells, from fetuses to centenarians.

霍瓦特及其同事从8000个样本中收集信息，用于绘制健康和有病器官、组织和细胞中化情况，涉及胎儿到百岁老人之间各年龄人。

Taken together, these results suggest that glucocorticoid-receptor-gene methylation happens in the fetus in response to a mother's stress, and persists into adolescence.

总体看来，这些结论表明胎儿糖皮质激素受体因化是由于母亲压力过大引起，并且其影响将会持续到青春期。