He lived in London, England at a time when mercantilism was the dominant economic view.

生活在英国伦敦，当时重商主义是占主导地位的经济观点。

So I'm a free trader, but I live in a world of mercantilism and protectionism.

所以我是自由贸易者，但我生活在一重商主义和保护主义盛行的世界里。

Before the 19th century, most European countries tried to do just that prioritizing self-sufficiency in a system called mercantilism.

在19世纪之前，大多数欧洲国家都试图通过一称为重商主义的体系来优先实现自给自足。

In some quarters QE is still a tainted term, associated either with mercantilism, as a weapon in a currency war, or monetary adventurism.

在某些领域，QE仍是一有污点的术语，要么与重商主义（作为货币战争中的武器）有联系，要么与货币冒险主义有联系。

These colonies were founded as  British possessions in the Americas, displacing Native Americans and subjecting  civilians to a policy known as mercantilism.

这些殖民地是作为英国在美洲的财而建立的，取代了美洲原住民， 并使平民受制于一种被称为重商主义的政策。

Well, traditionally in these trade wars, the country that is running a big surplus is more vulnerable because their industry and their economy has been geared toward mercantilism.

在传统的贸易战中，拥有大量顺差的国家更为脆弱， 因为业和经济结构倾向于重商主义。

He viewed capitalism as a historically necessary stage in economic progress, replacing systems that he considered to be outmoded—feudalism, where peasants were legally tied to their local land-owning lord, and mercantilism, in which governments control foreign trade.

认为资本主义是经济进步中一历史必然的阶段，取代了认为过时的制度——封建主义，农民在法律上被束缚于本地地主；以及重商主义， 中政府控制对外贸易。

Smith rejected government intervention in the economy to help merchants—the source of the name " mercantilism" —and instead advocated free markets along the lines of the French economists, the Physiocrats, who had coined the term laissez faire.

史密斯拒绝政府为帮助商人而干预经济——“重商主义”这名字的来源——而是按照法国经济学家、重农主义者的路线提倡自由市场，重农主义者创造了“自由放任”一词。

Marshall, for example, although his references to mercantilism are not altogether unsympathetic, had no regard for their central theory as such and does not even mention those elements of truth in their contentions which I shall examine below.

例如，马歇尔，虽然对重商主义的提及并非完全没有同情心，但并没有考虑到重商主义的中心理论本身，甚至没有提到们论点中的那些真理要素，我将在下面进行考察。

This is very much a return to the idea of mercantilism, which was the main sort of economic way of thinking from the 1300s up to sort of the mid 1700s when Adam Smith, the Scottish philosopher, got going.

这实质上是对重商主义思想的回归，重商主义是14世纪至18世纪中叶亚当·斯密（苏格兰哲学家）提出自由市场理论之前，主导经济思维的主要模式。