He lived in London, England at a time when mercantilism was the dominant economic view.
他生活在英国伦敦,当时重商主义是占主导地位
经济观点。
He viewed capitalism as a historically necessary stage in economic progress, replacing systems that he considered to be outmoded—feudalism, where peasants were legally tied to their local land-owning lord, and mercantilism, in which governments control foreign trade.
他认为资本主义是经济进步中一
历史必然
阶段,取代了他认为过时
制度——封建主义,农民在法律上被束缚于本地地主;以及重商主义, 其中政府控制对外贸易。
Smith rejected government intervention in the economy to help merchants—the source of the name " mercantilism" —and instead advocated free markets along the lines of the French economists, the Physiocrats, who had coined the term laissez faire.
史密斯拒绝政府为帮助商人而干预经济——“重商主义”这
名字
源——而是按照法国经济学家、重农主义者
路线提倡自由市场,重农主义者创造了“自由放任”一词。
Marshall, for example, although his references to mercantilism are not altogether unsympathetic, had no regard for their central theory as such and does not even mention those elements of truth in their contentions which I shall examine below.
例如,马歇尔,虽然他对重商主义
提及并非完全没有同情心,但他并没有考虑到重商主义
中心理论本身,甚至没有提到他们论点中
那些真理要素,我将在下面进行考察。