Urdu, the lingua franca of Pakistan, is necessary but less familiar.

巴基斯坦的通用语乌尔都语不可或缺，但并不为人熟知。

In our next lecture, I am going to talk about lingua franca and its functions.

下一讲，我将讲通用语及其功。

If aid workers are lucky, they may find people who know Kanuri, a kind of lingua franca in Borno.

如果幸运的话，救援人员可到懂卡努里语（博尔诺州的一种通用语）的人。

For example, when an Indian talks to a Singaporean using English, then English is the lingua franca.

例如，当一个印度人用英语和一个新加坡人谈话时，英语就是通用语。

(Laughter) Memes are our internet's lingua franca.

（笑声） 模因是我们互联网的通用语。

French was the lingua franca. France was in vogue.

法语是通用语。 法国很流行。

Russian became the lingua franca, needed for any serious work.

俄语成为了任何严肃工作所需要的通用语。

The sailors had a lingua franca, which centered on English and Spanish and Portuguese.

水手们有一种通用语，要是英语、西班牙语和葡萄牙语。

But in general the whaling lingua franca is English.

但总的来说，捕鲸活动的通用语是英语。

Now, lingua franca, literal, franca, franca.

现在，lingua franca，字面意思，franca，franca。

It is often a lingua franca of conferences, for example.

例如，它常常是议的通用语。

Although English is not the language with the largest number of native or first language speakers, it has really become a lingua franca.

虽然把英语作为母语或是第一语的人不是最多的，但它确实成为了一种通用语。

It has relatively few native speakers – estimates range from 2 million to 18 million – but has spread across the continent as a lingua franca.

以它为母语的人相对较少——估计在200万到1800万之间——但它已经作为一种通用语传遍了整个欧洲大陆。

With over 1.5 billion people speaking English worldwide, it is no surprise that it is often considered the " lingua franca" of the world.

全球有超過15億人說英語, 毫不奇怪, 英語通常被認為是世界的" 通用語" 。

Any intelligent organism would at the very least need the ability to locate the position of objects in space. So the ideal interstellar lingua franca would be haptic.

任何智生物最少都需要有知晓物体在空间中所在位置的力。所以最理想的星际沟通方式应该是触觉。

That is, how did English gain the present status of popularity? There are in fact a number of interlocking reasons for the popularity of English as a lingua franca.

也就是说，英语是如何达到现在的普及程度的？事实上，英语作为一种通用语得到普及，有许多相互关联的原因。

For example, it became a lingua franca in India where a variety of indigenous languages made the use of any one of them as a whole country system problematic.

例如，因为印度有多种土著语，将任何一种语作为全国通用语，都造成严重的问题，所以英语成为印度的通用语。

The 1993 South African constitution named no less than eleven official languages, of which English and Afrikaans are but two, but English is increasingly recognized as the lingua franca.

1993 年的南非宪法指定不少于 11 种官方语， 其中英语和南非荷兰语只是两种， 但英语越来越被认为是通用语。

In fact, French used to be the go-to language for diplomacy and business when communicating between entities that didn't share the same language, otherwise known as a lingua franca.

事实上，在不同语（也称为通用语）的实体之间进行交流时，法语曾经是外交和商业的首选语。

This was welcomed by some (particularly in the Dravidian speaking areas of southern India, who preferred English as a lingua franca to the Hindi alternative), but opposed and derided by others.

这受到了一些人的欢迎（特别是在印度南部的德拉威语区， 他们更喜欢英语作为通用语而不是印地语）， 但遭到其他人的反对和嘲笑。