The most common one is intervertebral disc herniation.

其中最常见是椎间盘突出症。

The intervertebral discs lie between vertebrae, and act as shock absorbers.

椎间盘位于两椎体之间，起到减震。

In addition to the intervertebral discs, each vertebra has joints called facet joints with the vertebra above and the vertebra below, one on each side.

除了椎间盘，椎骨之间还有一种称为关节突关节连结，在椎骨前后侧方各有一个。

And poor posture, traumas, physical activity, and strong rotational movement can cause herniations where the intervertebral disc bulges out and compress the nerves or spinal cord.

不姿势、创伤、体力活动和强烈转体运动，可引起椎间盘突出，即椎间盘膨大突出于脊椎外，压迫脊髓。

Each cervical, thoracic, and lumbar vertebra is separated by an intervertebral disc, which allows for a slight movement of the vertebrae, and act as a shock absorber.

每块颈、胸、腰椎之间都有一个椎间盘，它能使椎骨轻微移动，并起到减震。

It's formed by the spinal nerves L4, L5 and S1, 2 and 3, which leave the spinal canal through the intervertebral foramen, an opening located between the vertebrae and behind intervertebral discs.

它是由脊腰4（L4）、腰5（L5）、骶1（S1）、骶2（S2）和骶3（S3）组成；这些通过椎间孔离开椎管；椎间孔为椎骨之间、椎间盘后方椎管开口。

It can be congenital, meaning that the person is born with it, or acquired, usually due to degenerative disorders like ankylosing spondylitis, where the bones remodel causing intervertebral discs ossification, and the narrowing of the spinal canal.

它可能是先天性，也就是说患者出生便有这种情况；是获得性，通常原因是退行性疾病，如强直性脊柱炎，导致骨重塑，引起椎间盘骨化，进而造成椎管狭窄。

Between each of the vertebral bodies is an intervertebral disc which is made of type I and type II collagen and has two parts, the annulus fibrosis, an outer fibrous ring, and the nucleus pulposus, an inner jelly-like substance.

在椎体之间是由Ⅰ型和Ⅱ型胶原构成椎间盘，它由两部分组成：外层环形纤维结构称为纤维环，而内层胶状物质称为髓核。