Cell lysis is yet another cause of hyperkalemia.

细胞溶解也可以致症。

A final example of internal potassium balance leading to hyperkalemia is exercise.

最后一个因为内平衡破坏致症的例子是运动锻炼。

So, in order for there to be too much potassium in the blood, or hyperkalemia, there are two possibilities.

因此，症，即液中离子过多，可能由两种原因造成。

Usually this shift is small, but if combined with beta-blockers or kidney issues, strenuous exercise can lead to hyperkalemia.

一般情况下，这种很细微，但是有β受体阻滞剂作用或肾脏出现问题时，过度运动就可能致症。

Alright, on to external potassium balance shifts resulting in hyperkalemia, which has to do with potassium intake and excretion.

好，那外平衡致症，与离子吸收和泌有关。

Mild hyperkalemia is often without symptoms, although some patients may develop muscle weakness.

轻度症通常无症状，尽管有些患者可能出现肌无力。

Hyperkalemia may result from decreased excretion, excessive intake, or shift of potassium from INSIDE the cells to EXTRA-cellular space.

症可能是由于排泄减少，摄入过多，或从细胞内转移到细胞外间隙所致。

Sudden onset and rapid progression of hyperkalemia, on the other hand, can be fatal.

另一方面，症突然发作和快速发展可能是致命的。

Both of these mechanisms lead to increased potassium in the fluid outside of cells which quickly makes it into the blood and causes hyperkalemia.

上述两种机制都会造成细胞外的离子增加，而离子很快进入液，造成症。

Severe hyperkalemia is treated in 3 steps: - Calcium infusion is given to rapidly REVERSE conduction abnormalities.

- 钙离子注入可迅速逆转传异常。

In practice, however, this pattern is present only in a fraction of hyperkalemia patients and does NOT always correlate with potassium levels.

然而，实际上，这种模式仅存在于一部症患者中，并不总是与水平相关。

Since so much potassium is kept within the cell, when a large number of cells die or lyse, potassium is released into the blood, which causes hyperkalemia.

因为细胞内过多，很多细胞会死亡或溶解，离子释放入，致症。

So other things start to build up in the blood as well, like potassium, called hyperkalemia, as well as acids, called metabolic acidosis.

因此其他物质也开始在液中堆积：比如，造成症；还有酸，引起代谢性酸中毒。

Given the dangerous nature of acute hyperkalemia, it must be suspected in any patient having new bradycardia or conduction block, especially in those with renal problems.

鉴于急性症具有危险性，对于任何有新的心动过缓或传阻滞患者，特别是有肾脏问题的患者，必须怀疑症。

As this value becomes less negative in hyperkalemia, the number of available sodium channels DEcreases, resulting in a SLOWER influx of sodium and subsequently SLOWER impulse conduction.

在症中，随着这个值为较小负值，可用钠通道数量减少，致钠流入减慢，随后脉冲传减慢。

So in order to help compensate for an acidosis, hydrogen ions enter cells and potassium ions leave the cells and enter the blood, which might help with the acidosis, but results in hyperkalemia.

所以为了代偿酸中毒，氢离子被移入细胞内，而离子被移出细胞而进入中，这一机制缓解了酸中毒，但却致了症。

Along the same lines, drugs that reduce the effect of aldosterone can also cause hyperkalemia, and these are drugs like renin inhibitors, ACE inhibitors, angiotensin II receptor antagonists, selective aldosterone blockers, and potassium-sparing diuretics.

同理，可以降低醛固酮效能的药物也可以致症，例如肾素抑制剂、ACE抑制剂、管紧张素II受体拮抗剂、选择性醛固酮受体阻滞剂以及保利尿剂等。

Now, acute kidney injury can cause a low glomerular filtration rate, which is the volume of blood filtered through the kidney over a period of time, and this can lead to oliguria and hyperkalemia.

严重的肾损伤可以降低肾小球滤过率，即单位时间内肾脏过滤的液量，这可以致少尿和症。

In chronic kidney disease, just like with urea, less potassium is excreted and more builds up in the blood, and it leads to hyperkalemia, which is worrisome because it can cause cardiac arrhythmias.

在慢性肾病中，和尿素一样，排泄减少，更多的在液中堆积，造成症，该情况十堪忧，因为症可能致心律不齐。

Once in the bloodstream, the venom attacks the body's cells, wearing down the protective membrane and causing them to become porous enough to cause the leakage of potassium, causing hyperkalemia or elevated potassium levels in the blood.

一旦进入液， 毒液就会攻击身体的细胞，磨损保护膜并使它们得足够多孔， 致泄漏， 致症或液中含量升。