And occasionally we still find whales with the vestiges of tiny hind limbs.

并且我们偶尔仍能发现鲸鱼残留着微型。

Eventually, their front limbs became flippers and their hind limbs became weak and unnecessary.

最终，它们前变成了鳍状，而它们变得虚弱和多余。

Now, this can be a little confusing because both types have three claws on their hind limbs.

现在，这可能有点混乱，因为这两种类型树懒上都有三个爪子。

Snake embryos, for example, sprout hind limb buds.

比如说，蛇胚胎萌发了芽。

Birds only use their hind limbs, their legs, for walking on the ground.

鸟类只用它们， 它们腿，在地上行。

GAUTHIER: They certainly can't flap with their hind limbs.

高希尔：它们当然不能用拍打。

We can't really make out exactly how the hind limb would have fit.

我们无法真正弄清楚如何适合。

Another major category in differences in dinosaurs is in the hind limbs.

恐龙差异另一个主要类别是。

There is anatomically, simply put, no way that it could elevate the hind limb into a horizontal position.

简而言，剖学角度来说，它不可能将抬高到水平位置。

Early on it was thought that Hadrosaurus stood straight up on their hind limbs using their tails for support.

早期人们认为鸭嘴龙用尾巴支撑直立。

JACQUES GAUTHIER: What's this dinosaur doing with these aerodynamic feathers coming off their hind limbs?

JACQUES GAUTHIER：这只恐龙用上脱落空气动力羽毛做什么？

However, according to a 2006 study, they didn't completely lose their hind limbs until about 1 million years later, or 34 millions years ago.

然而，根据2006年一项研究，它们直到大约100万年，也就是3400万年前才完全失去了。

But if the hind limbs couldn't do the same thing, what did they do?

但如果不能做同样事情，它们会做什么呢？

To adapt to an aquatic lifestyle, Ichthyosaurs evolved paddle like front and hind limbs as well as a fin tail.

为了适应水生生活方式，鱼龙进化出了像桨一样前以及鳍状尾巴。

So we're articulating the whole hind limb from these elements, is that correct?

所以我们用这些元素来表达整个，对吗？

If Microraptor couldn't splay its hind limbs, how did it use its leg feathers in flight?

如果小盗龙无法张开，它是如何利用腿部羽毛来飞行呢？

If you remember, I mentioned earlier, that the old view of hadrosaurs had them standing almost upright, on their hind limbs.

如果你还记得话，我前提到过，鸭嘴龙旧观点认为它们几乎直立，用站立。

Paleontologists have ruled out burrowing, though, because their forearms were too short and their hind limbs were too long for a burrower.

不过，古生物学家排除了挖洞可能性，因为它们前臂太短，太长，不适合挖洞动物。

Assuming that Microraptor was a glider, they'll test the hind limbs in different postures to see what, if anything, works best.

假设小盗龙是滑翔机，他们将以不同姿势测试，看看哪种姿势效果最好。

And we did see about a 5 to 10 percent difference in the weights of the hind limbs in terms of muscle mass.

我们确实看到肌肉质量有大约 5% 到 10% 差异。