Brain herniation typically results from increased intracranial pressure.

般来说，脑疝的主要原因是颅内压增高。

Just like in uncal herniation, Duret hemorrhages can be seen in central herniation.

Duret出血也同样可见于中央型脑疝。

And that can lead to brain herniation.

这就会导致脑疝的发生。

Finally, a cingulate herniation is often a forerunner of other types of supratentorial herniation.

最后，扣带回疝往往是其他类型幕上脑疝的先兆。

Large lumbar disc herniation is the most common cause of cauda equina syndrome.

严重的腰椎间盘突出症是马尾综合征最常见的病因。

ORAL STEROID MEDICATIONS Oral steroid medications can be very helpful in episodes of an acute disc herniation.

服类固醇药物在治疗急性椎间盘突出过程中，服类固醇药物非常有效。

Depending on the size and location of the mass effect, there's a possibility of brain herniations.

占位效应的大小类型决定了脑疝发生的可能性。

And infratentorial herniations can compress the vital area in the brain stem that controls consciousness, respiration, and heart rate.

幕上脑疝可能压迫脑的供养动脉，造成脑缺血梗死；枕骨大孔疝可能压迫脑干的生命中枢，即控制意识、呼吸的部位。

Brain herniation typically happens in response to increased intracranial pressure, which refers to a high pressure within the skull.

脑疝通常发生在颅内压升高时，即颅骨内的压力升高时。

There are two types: upward herniation and tonsillar herniation.

其中包括两种类型：小脑幕切迹上疝、小脑扁桃体疝。

In upward herniation, there's a displacement of the cerebellum upward, through a notch in the tentorium cerebelli.

在小脑幕切迹上疝中，小脑过小脑幕切迹向上疝出。

A bit of a long shot. What about a disk herniation?

太扯了。会不会是椎间盘突出？

On the other hand, infratentorial herniations are subdivided into upward herniation and tonsillar herniation.

另方面，幕下脑疝也可分为：小脑幕切迹上疝与小脑扁桃体疝。

Urgent surgery is considered when a tumor causes signifcant edema or impending mass effect, with consequent hydrocephalus or herniation.

当肿瘤引起明显水肿或即将发生占位效应并导致脑积水或脑疝时，应考虑紧急手术。

In this herniation the brain squeezes out of the skull through a fracture or surgical site during an operation.

在这种脑疝中，脑部组织通过颅骨的裂或手术的开疝出颅骨外部。

This pain could begin suddenly, usually with disc herniation, piriformis syndrome or trauma.

这种疼痛可能是突然发生的，通常伴有椎间盘突出、梨状肌综合征或外伤。

The most common signs of the tonsillar herniation are headache and neck stiffness.

扁桃体疝最常见的症状是头痛与颈项强直。

The third type of supratentorial herniation is cingulate or subfalcine herniation.

第三种幕上脑疝是扣带回疝，或称大脑镰下疝。

Now, the other category of herniations are infratentorial herniations.

那么，现在我们来看幕下脑疝。

Treatment of increased intracranial pressure and brain herniation is aimed at reducing the pressure within the skull.

颅内压增高脑疝的治疗主要目的是降低颅内压。