These growth factors act on the collateral vessel wall and bring about two changes.

这些长子作用于侧支血管壁，产两个变化。

These growth factors cue stem cells to generate dentin, the bonelike substance that teeth are mostly made of.

这些长子会提示干细胞修复牙本质，这是牙齿成分中的绝大部分组成物质。

When proto-oncogenes, like epidermal growth factor receptor and RAS, are activated, it turns them into oncogenes that promote cell division.

当原癌基（如表皮长子受体基、RAS基）被激活时，它们就变成了促进细胞分裂的癌基。

Along with that, it capitalizes other potential growth factors such as time under tension, quality technique, and avoiding excessive burnout.

同时它还利用了其他潜在的增长，如用力的时间，高质量的技巧以及避免过度劳累。

One direction long thought promising involved the suppression of nerve growth factor (ngf).

长期以来被认为有希望的个方向涉及抑制神经长子 (ngf)。

Myostatin is one protein in a larger group of proteins called the transforming growth factor beta superfamily.

肌肉长抑制是称为转化长子 β 超家族的大类蛋白质中的种蛋白质。

A new study finds that shining a low-power laser on damaged rat teeth activates molecular growth factors already present in the tissue.

新的研究发现低能量激光照射过损伤的老鼠牙齿后能激活已经存在于组织中的长子。

This is because lycopene appears to lower the insulin-like growth factor (IGF), a protein linked to cancer in high levels.

这是为番茄红似乎降低了胰岛样长子 （IGF），种与癌症相关的蛋白质.

These growth factors cause the mesangial cells to regress back to their more immature stem cell state known as mesangioblasts and secrete extracellular structural matrix.

这些长子使得系膜细胞退化成为未成熟的干细胞状态（成系膜细胞），并分泌细胞外基质框架。

A called xxx, and which is basically an antibody that goes after one growth factor that is important for new blood vessel formation.

种叫做巨大的，基本上是种追踪长子的抗体。

Adequate protein intake, along with naturally occurring hormones, like insulin-like growth factor and testosterone, help shift the body into a state where tissue is repaired and grown.

足量的蛋白质摄入，与自然产的荷尔蒙起，比如胰岛，比如长子和睾酮，协助组织的修复和长。

Cells divide only when they receive the proper signals from growth factors that circulate in the bloodstream or from a cell they directly contact.

细胞只有在从血流中或从它们直接接触的细胞中循环的长子中接收到适当信号时才会分裂。

Some breast cancers also have mutations in the ERBB2 gene that increase human epidermal growth factor receptor 2, or HER-2, which when activated, promotes the growth of cells.

些乳腺癌也有ERBB2基的突变，可以增加人表皮长子受体2（HER-2）的表达；当它HER-2被激活时，会促进细胞增长。

And because this tumor created a lot of neovascularization, where it literally released these factors called endothelial growth factors, it created its own blood supply.

为这种肿瘤产了大量的新血管，它实际上释放了这些称为内皮长子的子，它创造了自己的血液供应。

And identifying a gene that is located in the pathway, for example, of growth factors in the blood, that can give quite a lot of new insights into therapeutic strategies to treat growth failure.

识别出个位于通路上的基，例如，血液中的长子，可以为长衰竭的治疗策略提供相当多的新见解。

Now, the sudden gush of blood through the collateral vessel stretches its walls and deforms the endothelial cells, which stimulates the production of growth factors like the vascular endothelial growth factor, or VEGF, from the vessel wall.

现在，股血流突然涌入侧支血管，牵拉血管壁使内皮细胞变形，刺激血管壁产长子，如血管内皮长子（VEGF）。

An example is a mutated gene that produces a defective protein that causes the growth-factor receptor on a cell's surface to be constantly " on" when, in fact, no growth factor is present.

个例子是突变基，它产种有缺陷的蛋白质，导致细胞表面的长子受体持续激活，事实上没有增长存在。

With reinvestment and growth factors accounted for, including the CHOAM percentage and military costs, our profit margin will be reduced to a very narrow six or seven per cent until we can replace worn-out equipment.

考虑到再投资和增长， 包括 CHOAM 百分比和军事成本，我们的利润率将减少到非常狭窄的 6% 或 7%， 直到我们可以更换破旧的设备。

When activated, the stellate cells lose vitamin A, proliferate, and start secreting secreting transforming growth factor beta1, or TGF-beta, which then causes them to produce collagen, which is the main ingredient in extracellular matrix, fibrosis, and scar tissue.

激活后的星形细胞失去维A，并且开始大量增，分泌转化长子ß，即TGF-ß，随之导致其成胶原；胶原是细胞外基质、纤维化和疤痕组织的重要成分。

In 2011 Yoshiki Sasai of the RIKEN Centre for Developmental Biology, in Kobe, showed how mouse embryonic stem cells, if mixed with a few appropriate growth factors, quickly form a three-dimensional cluster made of the precursor cells to neurons.

左使良树（Yoshiki Sasai）任职于神户（Kobe）的理化研究所发育物学中心（RIKEN Centre for Developmental Biology）。他于2011年发表论文，阐述了老鼠胚胎干细胞在给予些适当的长子后，快速形成个三维立体簇集物的过程。