The rate at which this filtration takes place is known as glomerular filtration rate or GFR.

滤过的速率称为肾小球滤过率，或GFR。

This is known as the glomerular filtration rate — or how much blood passes through the glomeruli every minute.

这被称为肾小球过滤率——或者每分钟有少血液通过肾小球。

Today you learned how the urinary system regulates the production of urine, by maintaining a study glomerular flow rate.

今天你们学习了泌尿系统如何通过维持肾小球流速来调节尿液的产生。

In chronic kidney disease, the falling glomerular filtration rate leads to more and more renin secretion which leads to hypertension.

慢性肾病中，GFR降低，导肾素分泌，进而引发高血压。

GN is often caused by antigen-antibody complexes depositing in the glomerular tissue.

肾小球肾炎通常是由于抗原-抗体复沉积在肾小球织。

Finally the diagnosis of chronic kidney disease comes down to looking at changes in the glomerular filtration rate over time.

慢性肾病的诊断归根结底是基于肾小球滤过率随时间推移的变化。

One way these complexes can form is as a result of autoantibodies directly targeting the glomerular basement membrane.

这些复成的途径之一是自身抗体直接攻击肾小球基膜。

This reabsorption process allows water to pass from the glomerular filtrate back into the circulatory system.

这种再吸收过程使水从肾小球滤液进入循环系统。

These nutrients have carrier molecules that claim the glomerular molecule and release it back into the circulatory system.

这些营养质的载体分子控制着肾小球分子，并将其释放回循环系统。

The immune complexes specifically deposit in the mesangium which is the tissue in the Bowman's capsule that offers structural support to the glomerular capillaries.

这些免疫复常常沉积在肾小球系膜；肾小球系膜是Bowman囊的一部分，为肾小球血管球提供结构支持。

For example, reduced blood flow to the kidneys, which are particularly susceptible, can cause glomerular damage leading to oliguria - very little urine - and proteinuria.

例如，血供不足最易先累及肾脏，可造成肾小球损伤，导少尿和蛋白尿。

So when there is glomerular injury, red blood cells sneak into the urine —causing hematuria, which contributes to this being a type of nephritic syndrome.

因此当肾小球损伤时，红细胞溜进尿液，导血尿，也是肾炎综征的一个症状。

Because, step one in pee-making is the process of glomerular filtration — where blood is filtered in the little blood-filled balls of yarn that are the glomeruli.

因为，小便的第一步是肾小球过滤过程——血液以充满血液的纱线小球的式过滤，这就是肾小球。

In these sorts of infections, IgA1 antibody production gets ramped up, leading to IgG anti-glycan formation, and immune complex deposition in the glomerular mesangium, causing inflammation.

在这些感染情况下，IgA1抗体产生增，导抗糖基化的抗体IgG成，免疫复便沉积在肾小球系膜，产生炎症反应。

Specifically you learned how nephrons use glomerular filtration, tubular reabsorption, and tubular secretion to reabsorb water and nutrients back into the blood, and make urine with the leftovers.

具体来说，你学会了肾单位如何使用肾小球过滤、管状重吸收，和管状分泌将水和营养质重新吸收回血液，用“剩菜”制造尿液。

In the 2015 study, the researchers did measure certain protein-related health variables, such as glomerular filtration rate and creatinine, and found no changes when eating the high protein diet.

在2015年的一项研究中，研究人员确实测量了某些与蛋白质相关的健康变量，比如肾小球滤过率和肌酐，发现高蛋白饮食并没有带来改变。

Also, other conditions like kidney hyperperfusion or increased perfusion of blood, as well as increased pressure in the glomerular capillaries have been linked to FSGS as well.

除此之外，肾高灌注或肾血流量增加等疾病以及肾毛细血管球内压力增高也与FSGS有关。

The glomerular filtrate is not the same consistency as urine, as much of it is reabsorbed into the blood as the filtrate passes through the tubules of the nephron.

肾小球滤液与尿液的浓度不同，当滤液通过肾小管时，大部分被重新吸收到血液中。

Normally, the glomeruli of the kidneys do a good job of preventing protein from spilling into the urine, so proteinuria can be a sign of glomerular damage and is a classic sign of preeclampsia.

正常情况下，肾小球可有效防止蛋白质进入尿液，所以蛋白尿是肾小球受损的标志，也是子痫前期的典型体征。

Now, acute kidney injury can cause a low glomerular filtration rate, which is the volume of blood filtered through the kidney over a period of time, and this can lead to oliguria and hyperkalemia.

严重的肾损伤可以降低肾小球滤过率，即单位时间内肾脏过滤的血液量，这可以导少尿和高钾血症。