What's the difference between a gamete and a zygote?

生殖细和受精卵的区是什么？

Remember that gametes only have 23 chromosomes rather than the normal 23 pairs.

记住，配子只有 23 对染色，是正常的 23 对。

The cycle alternates between two different types of generations: one with only half its DNA — called the gametophyte generation because it makes gametes, or eggs and sperm.

这种循环在两种同类型的世代之间交替进行：一种世代只有一半的 DNA，它被称为配子世代，因为它产生配子，卵子和精子。

Typically a gamete with 23 chromosomes, including one sex chromosome either X or Y, develops when parent germ cells undergo the process of meiosis.

正常的配子包含23条染色，其中有一条XY性染色，由亲代生殖细减数分裂产生。

The testes — the gonads of the anatomical male — are tasked with making male gametes, sperm, and the androgen hormone testosterone.

睾丸——解剖学上男性的性腺——负责制造男性配子、精子和雄激素睾酮。

" We've been able to preserve certain types of cells since the 1950s, in particular gametes, red blood cells, cancer cells."

“自20世纪50年代以来，我们就已经能够保存某些类型的细，是配子、红细和癌细。”

A genome is the haploid set of chromosomes in a gamete, or microorganism, or each cell of a multicellular organism.

基因组是指配子、微生物多细生物每个细中的单倍染色组。

The primary oocyte has 46 chromosomes, but eventually it has to turn into a gamete with only 23 chromosomes.

初级卵母细有46条染色，但是最终会变成只有23条染色的配子。

Then there is Meiosis for our gametes, because they (gametes) are different.

然后是配子减数分裂，因为它们（配子）是同的。

If failure also happens during meiosis in these germ cells as they give rise to gametes, other XXXXY, XXXY and XXYY genotypes that also lead to Klinefelter syndrome can result including the rare situation where there's an additional Y chromosome.

如果有丝分裂和减数分裂均发生了分离，那么这类Klinefelter综合征患者的基因型就可能是XXXXY，XXXY和XXYY等，包括了同时多出一条Y染色的罕见情况。

So if a parent plant made spores, its offspring would make gametes, then its offspring would make spores, and so on.

因此，如果亲本植物产生孢子，它的后代就会产生配子，然后它的后代就会产生孢子，以此类推。

And they're really just a means of getting gametes together. Reproductively speaking, they're the least important parts of the system.

它们实际上只是将配子聚集在一起的一种方式。从生殖角度来看，它们是系统中最重要的部分。

Meanwhile, the sperm's detached nucleus swells up to five times its original size, forming the male pronucleus, one of two sort of proto-nuclei that contain each gamete's genetic information.

与此同时，精子分离的细核膨胀到原来大小的五倍，形成雄性原核，这是包含每个配子遗传信息的两种原始细核之一。

Klinefelter syndrome develops when a gamete, either sperm or egg, contains at least one extra X chromosome.

异常在配子时期就存在了，精子和卵子都有可能发生，异常的配子会多出至少一条X染色。

In Klinefelter syndrome, the sex chromosome pairs which is either XX or XY don't separate in meiosis I in the male or female germ cell and this resulted in two gametes with a pair of X chromosomes and two gametes without X chromosomes.

Klinefelter综合征中，配对的XXXY性染色对在父亲母亲的第一次减数分裂中没有分离，从产生了两个有两条X染色的配子以及两个没有X染色的配子。

Either way the separation doesn't happen and the end result is a gamete with an extra X chromosome.

管是哪种情况，都发生了分离的现象，最后的结果都是产生了多一条X染色的配子。

Their main job is to produce and release female gametes and sex hormones like estrogen and progesterone.

它们的主要工作是产生和释放女性配子和性激素，如雌激素和黄酮。

The female gamete is, biologically speaking, a big bet.

女性配子，从生物学上讲，是一个很大的赌注。

And this results in one gamete with a pair of x chromosomes one without any and potentially two normal gametes.

这导致产生一个有两条X染色的配子：一个没有X染色的配子，以及两个有可能正常的配子。

Klinefelter Syndrome is a genetic abnormality in which at least one additional x chromosome is inherited by an XY male as a result of impaired meiosis in the parental gametes.

Klinefelter综合征是一种基因异常病；本该以XY为基因型的男性多得到一条X染色，从患病，这通常是亲代配子的减数分裂异常的结果。