Even social experiences can cause epigenetic changes.

甚至社交经验也能造成表徵遗传变化。

Epigenetic changes are part of normal development.

表徵遗传变化正常发育一部分。

Those who believe in progress will, however, be pleased to know that epigenetics is not necessarily destiny.

但，相信事物发展变化人们会很高兴，因为表现遗传学并不注定，难以改变。

Now, 15 years of collaboration with neuroscience and epigenetics said yes, our brains change when you train in altruism.

神经科学和表观遗传学 长达15年合作也表明，改变可以发生，当你接受利他精神训练时， 你大脑会发生改变。

But even though epigenetic changes are sticky, they're not necessarily permanent.

但即使表观基因变异令人不满，它们不永久。

Scientists often use genetics and epigenetics to identify genes that might be linked to developing cute features and babies.

科学家经常使用遗传学和表观遗传学可能与可爱特征和婴儿发育有关基因。

And this silencing of the maternal copies is an epigenetic process.

这种母源基因沉默一种表观遗传学过程。

These what-are-called epigenetic changes signal to the muscles to, well, tone up.

这些所谓表现遗传变化信号会使肌肉更强壮。

Working out which epigenetic changes wrought by exercise are important, and which incidental, will take time.

找出哪些基因后改变由运动造成至关重要，以及哪些偶发，这些都需要时间。

What all these epigenetic markers are doing remains obscure.

这些表观遗传学标志物到底都做了什么目前仍然不清楚。

Most epigenetic marks are erased when egg and sperm cells are formed.

当卵子和精子细胞形成时， 大多数表徵遗传标记会被去除。

So epigenetic silencing of a gene means turning it off while keeping the DNA sequence itself the same.

基因表观沉默指，在DNA核苷酸序列不变情况下，抑制基因表达。

These are considered epigenetic changes, meaning that they effect which genes are expressed without directly changing the genetic code.

这些被认为表观遗传变异，就说它们在不直接更改基因代码前提下，影响了哪些基因被表现出。

These vastly different fields share a common connection -- epigenetics.

这些截然不同领域有一个共同联系——表观遗传学。

Over time, through this epigenetic reprogramming, some cells develop into heart cells, and others into liver cells.

一段时间后，通过表观遗传学重新运作，一些细胞成长为心脏细胞，其他成为肝脏细胞。

Sarah Richardson's book The Maternal Imprint broadens this criticism to the field of human transgenerational epigenetics more generally.

莎拉·理查森 (Sarah Richardson) 著作《母性印记》(The Maternal Imprint) 将这种批评更广泛地扩展到了人类跨代表观遗传学领域。

The epigenetic changes caused by one single mother rat were passed down to many generations of rats after her.

一个鼠妈妈导致表观遗传变异会被传递给她后面好几代老鼠。

Most of epigenetic research has really focused on stress, anxiety, depression -- kind of a downer, kind of bad things.

大多数表观遗传学研究都集中在压力，焦虑，抑郁—某种负面情绪，某种不好事情。

One of the hallmarks of ageing  is epigenetic change.

戴维：衰老标志之一表观遗传变化。

Yes, I'm aware of these, these are actually what my lab focuses on day in and day out, we studied the epigenetics of aging.

，我知道，这些实际我实验室日复一日关注内容，我们研究衰老表观遗传学。