Even social experiences can cause epigenetic changes.

甚至社交经验也能造成徵遗变化。

Epigenetic changes are part of normal development.

徵遗变化是正常发育的一部分。

But even though epigenetic changes are sticky, they're not necessarily permanent.

但是即使观因变异是令人不满的，它们不是永久的。

And this silencing of the maternal copies is an epigenetic process.

种母源因的沉默是一种观遗程。

These what-are-called epigenetic changes signal to the muscles to, well, tone up.

所谓的现遗变化信号会使肌肉更强壮。

Working out which epigenetic changes wrought by exercise are important, and which incidental, will take time.

找出哪因的后天改变是由运动造成的是至关重要的，以及哪是偶发的，都需要时间。

What all these epigenetic markers are doing remains obscure.

观遗标志物到底都做了什么目前仍然不清楚。

Most epigenetic marks are erased when egg and sperm cells are formed.

当卵子和精子细胞形成时， 大多数徵遗的标记会被去除。

Those who believe in progress will, however, be pleased to know that epigenetics is not necessarily destiny.

但是，相信事物是发展变化的人们会很高兴，因为现遗并不是上天注定，难以改变的。

Now, 15 years of collaboration with neuroscience and epigenetics said yes, our brains change when you train in altruism.

神经科和观遗 长达15年的合作也明，改变可以发生，当你接受利他精神的训练时， 你的大脑会发生改变。

So epigenetic silencing of a gene means turning it off while keeping the DNA sequence itself the same.

因的观沉默是指，在DNA核苷酸序列不变的情况下，抑制因的达。

Scientists often use genetics and epigenetics to identify genes that might be linked to developing cute features and babies.

科家经常使用遗和观遗来识别可能与可爱特征和婴儿发育有关的因。

These are considered epigenetic changes, meaning that they effect which genes are expressed without directly changing the genetic code.

被认为是观遗变异，就是说它们在不直接更改因代码的前提下，影响了哪因被现出来。

Over time, through this epigenetic reprogramming, some cells develop into heart cells, and others into liver cells.

一段时间后，通观遗的重新运作，一细胞成长为心脏细胞，其他的成为肝脏细胞。

The epigenetic changes caused by one single mother rat were passed down to many generations of rats after her.

一个鼠妈妈导致的观遗变异会被递给她后面的好几代老鼠。

Most of epigenetic research has really focused on stress, anxiety, depression -- kind of a downer, kind of bad things.

大多数的观遗研究都集中在压力，焦虑，抑郁上—某种负面情绪，某种不好的事情。

These vastly different fields share a common connection -- epigenetics.

截然不同的领域有一个共同的联系——观遗。

One of the hallmarks of ageing  is epigenetic change.

戴维：衰老的标志之一是观遗变化。

Sarah Richardson's book The Maternal Imprint broadens this criticism to the field of human transgenerational epigenetics more generally.

莎拉·理查森 (Sarah Richardson) 的著作《母性印记》(The Maternal Imprint) 将种批评更广泛地扩展到了人类跨代观遗领域。

Which genes are active in a cell can be changed by making chemical alterations (known as epigenetic markers) to their DNA.

细胞中哪因是活跃的，是能够通修改DNA的化成分（观遗标志物）而改变的。