Quite how they did this has always been a matter of disputation.

但是他究竟是怎样做到这一点的，学术界一直争论不休。

Many scholastics' writings are in fact just records of lectures or disputations that took place orally.

许多经院学者的著作实际上只是对口头进行的讲座或辩论的记录。

They may be useful also in the theoretical sphere, as were the disputations conducted at mediaeval universities.

它论领域也可能有用，就像中世纪大学进行的争论一样。

Just consider the centrality of the disputation in scholastic culture, a live debating format that was imitated in such texts as Aquinas' Summa Theologiae.

只需虑经院文化中辩论的核心地位，这种现场辩论形式诸如托·奎那的《神学大全》等文本中被模仿。

Of these, equality is the basis, and an intercourse of sentiments unclogged by that observant seriousness which prevents disputation, though it may not inforce submission.

其中，平等是基础，是一种被观察到的严肃性所阻碍的情感交流，这种严肃性可以防止争论，尽管它可能不会强制服从。

And that's part of it also reflecting on itself as a culture and community in an ongoing process of disputation that is part of what it is to be a member of a democratic community.

这也是民主文化和社会持续辩论过程中自我反思的一部分，而这种辩论正是作为民主社会成员的特质之一。

Debates were held in London and elsewhere between 1922 and 1925, but culminated in a famous academic disputation in 1927 at the Fifth Solvay Conference at the International Solvay Institutes of Physics and Chemistry in Brussels.

辩论于1922年至1925年间伦敦等地举行，但最终1927年布鲁塞尔国际索尔维物化学研究所举行的第五届索尔维会议上以一场着名的学术争论达到高潮。