Clostridia, as a family, are obligate anaerobes, meaning that oxygen is toxic to them.

状芽胞杆菌科为专性厌氧，即氧对其有毒害作用。

Within 24 hours, the bacteria starts to make clostridium perfringens enterotoxin, or CPE.

24小时内，细菌开始生菌肠毒素（CPE)。

The symptoms of Clostridium perfringens enteritis include abdominal cramping, watery diarrhea, and vomiting.

菌性肠炎的症状包括腹部绞痛、水样泻、呕吐。

Clostridium perfringens is a common cause of food poisoning, in fact, it's sometimes called " the cafeteria germ" .

菌，是引起食物中毒的常见病原体；事实上，它有时被称为“自助餐细菌”。

Anaerobes, clostridia included, tend to lack the enzymes catalase or superoxide dismutase, so oxygen is actually toxic to them.

厌氧菌（包括菌）一般都缺乏过氧化氢酶或超氧化物化酶；因此氧对他们有毒害。

In fact, at an optimum temperature, Clostridium perfringens has one of the fastest growing rates of any bacterium!

事实上，在最适温度下，菌是增殖速度最快的细菌之一。

Now, instead of getting into food, Clostridium perfringens can also sometimes get into a wound.

此外，除了污染食物，菌有时也会感染伤口。

Clostridium perfringens food poisoning typically causes mild symptoms, lasts about a day, and resolves without antibiotics.

菌食物中毒生的症状比较轻微，持续约一天，无需抗生素可自行缓解。

Alright, as a quick recap, Clostridium perfringens is a gram-positive, spore-forming, obligate anaerobe that resides in the soil.

得！我们快速复习一下：菌是革兰氏阳性、有芽孢的厌氧菌，通常居于土壤中。

And newborn babies are especially at risk if their mothers are unvaccinated, as Clostridium tetani can infect a newborn's umbilical stump.

如果母亲没有接种疫苗，便加大了新生儿感染风险，因为破伤风菌会感染新生儿脐带。

There's been an outbreak of salmonella and clostridium perfringens, another bacterial infection, in the U.S. state of Louisiana.

AZUZ：美国路易斯安那州爆发了沙门氏菌和菌，这是另一种细菌感染。

Clostridium perfringens are found out in the environment and they can accidentally contaminate food when it's been left out for a while.

菌在我们身边的环境就有；它们可能恰巧污染了放置在外面一阵子的食物。

That's where another toxin, Clostridium perfringens alpha toxin, or CPAT, causes direct damage to cells, causing them to swell up and lyse - or pop.

这是由于菌生的另一种α毒素（CPAT）直接伤害细胞，导致细胞肿胀、崩解。

In the lab, when doing a gram stain, Clostridium perfringens is Gram-positive, or purple when Gram stained, and look like big cylinders or rods, also called bacilli.

实验室做革兰氏染色时，菌显紫色（革兰氏阳性）：很像个大圆柱或棒子，因此也叫杆菌。

And further detective work, including examination of the mice's faeces, revealed higher levels of a strain of Clostridium called OUT-1105 in the fat mice than in the thin ones.

他们研究发现，肥胖的小鼠粪便中OUT-1105这种状芽胞杆菌的水平要高于瘦削小鼠。

That's where a person is placed in a hyperbaric chamber, which contains 100% oxygen, because that amount of oxygen is deadly to Clostridium perfringens and other anaerobes.

患者身处含100%氧的高压舱内，因为100%氧对于菌以及其他厌氧菌属于致死量。

This can happen when wounds are made by dirty, sharp objects, that come into contact with soil that's rich with Clostridium perfringens and other anaerobes, like gardening or farming equipment.

当伤口由如园艺或农场工具等土壤污染的锐器造成时，会发生感染，是因为土壤可能富含菌以及其他厌氧菌。

If Clostridium perfringens gets into an open wound, it can cause clostridial myonecrosis, or gas gangrene, which can be deadly within hours without surgical excision of the necrotic tissue, along with penicillin V and, in some cases, hyperbaric therapy.

如果菌感染开放性创口，会导致菌性肌坏死，即性坏疽；若没有对坏死组织做外科处理，数小时内可能致死；一般采用青霉素V治疗，有时用高压氧治疗。