Red and purple hues stem from secondary pigments called anthocyanins, while carotenoids and xanthophylls yield oranges and yellows, respectively.

色和紫色色调来自花青等辅助色，而类胡萝卜和叶黄分别产生橙色和黄色。

Purple tea contains a substance known as anthocyanin, which gives the leaves the purple color, and other substances.

紫茶有一种叫做花青的物质，它使叶子呈紫色，紫茶还有其他物质。

Both are rich sources of anthocyanins, a type of plant chemical called polyphenols that gives them their deep color.

它花青，这是一种被称为多酚的植物化学物质，使它呈现出深颜色。

There’s lycopene , from tomatoes, and anthocyanins from red cabbage.

有来自西柿的番和来自紫甘蓝的花青。

That something could be anthocyanin, or it could be a dangerous toxin, but the knob itself isn't the problem, nor is the process by which it was added.

它可能是花青，也可能是一种危险的毒，但基因本身不是问题，添加它的过程也不是问题。

What's puzzling is that anthocyanins are actually newly minted, made in the leaves at the same time as the tree is preparing to drop them.

令人费解的是，花青实际上是新产生的，是在树准备落叶的同时在树叶中产生的。

The skin of grapes is a rich source of antioxidants, including resveratrol, anthocyanins, and flavonoids. These compounds are known for their ability to fight oxidative stress and reduce inflammation in the body.

葡萄皮是抗氧化剂的丰来源，包括白藜芦醇、花青和类黄酮。这些成分以其对抗氧化应激和减少体内炎症的能力而闻名。

D Some theories about anthocyanins have argued that they might act as a chemical defence against attacks by insects or fungi, or that they might attract fruit-eating birds or increase a leaf's tolerance to freezing.

D 一些关于花青的理论认为，它可能作为一种化学防御剂来抵御昆虫或真菌的攻击，或者它可能会吸引食果鸟类或增加叶子的抗冻能力。

F Perhaps the most plausible suggestion as to why leaves would go to the trouble of making anthocyanins when they're busy packing up for the winter is the theory known as the 'light screen' hypothesis.

F 关于为什么叶子在忙于收拾过冬时会费力制造花青，也许最合理的建议是被称为“光屏”假说的理论。

However there are problems with each of these theories, including the fact that leaves are red for such a relatively short period that the expense of energy needed to manufacture the anthocyanins would outweigh any anti-fungal or anti-herbivore activity achieved.

然而，这些理论有问题，包括叶子变的时间相对较短，制造花青所需的能量消耗将超过其抗真菌或抗食草动物的活性。