Instead of mixing adjuvants into the spray tank, these are put into a second container and injected into the nozzle as the droplets are formed.

不剂混合到喷雾罐中，而其放入第二个容器中，并在形成液滴时注入这种喷嘴中。

Once built, they attached the new hapten molecules to carrier proteins, mixed them with adjuvant, injected the results into mice and waited.

一旦构建完成，他们把这些新的半抗原分子结合到载体蛋白上，并与药混合，注射进小鼠体内，等待结果。

So some vaccines contain substances called " adjuvants, " which put the immune system on higher alert.

为此，有的疫苗会加点 “助剂”，以帮助免疫系统更敏感些。

The agricultural industry has already made some progress in reducing overspray. A variety of different additives, called adjuvants, can be mixed into the chemical tank of a sprayer.

农业行业在减少过度喷洒方面已经取得了一些进展。各种不同的加剂（剂）可以混合到喷雾器的化学罐中。

Finally, there is a chemical cocktail called an adjuvant that helps get the immune system to pay attention to the carrier protein and the haptens.

最后，有一种叫做药的鸡尾酒帮助免疫系统对载体蛋白和半抗原做出反应。

These adjuvants do not contain any active spray ingredients but consist of other chemicals, such as surfactants, emulsifiers and oils, which can improve the ability of a spray to remain on and penetrate leaves.

这些剂不含任何活性喷雾成分，但由其他化学物质组成，例如表面活性剂、乳化剂和油，可以提高喷雾保留在叶子上和渗透叶子的能力。

Do we need a chemical stimulant we call an adjuvant?

我们需要一种我们称之为剂的化学兴奋剂吗？

Vaccines that include the use of adjuvants, or components that enhance the immune response to the antigen, must be given in a muscle to avoid widespread irritation and inflammation. Adjuvants act in a variety of ways to stimulate a stronger immune response.

括使用剂或增强对抗原的免疫反应的成分的疫苗必须在肌肉中给予以避免广泛的刺激和炎症。剂以多种方式发挥作用，以刺激更强的免疫反应。

So we're trying to make vaccines where we add adjuvants that actually make the vaccine create better immunity than the disease, so that we can confer immunity for many years.

因此，我们正致力于研发疫苗，通过加剂来增强疫苗效果，使其产生的免疫力优于疾病本身，从而赋予多年免疫保护。

The combined diphtheria vaccine, toxoid with adjuvant, was so effective that within five years it was being used across the world.

结合白喉类毒素与剂的联合疫苗效果显著，以至于五年内便在全球范围内得到应用。

So it has implications for everything from cancer, to vaccination, to adjuvants, and to protecting us against infections.

因此，它对癌症、疫苗接种、剂以及保护我们免受感染等方方面面都有影响。

Interestingly, these adjuvants have different effects depending on the age or other demographic factors of the individual.

有趣的，这些剂会根据个人的年龄或其他人口统计因素产生不同的效果。

It is now accepted that neoadjuvant chemotherapy (before surgery) delivers the same survival benefit as adjuvant chemotherapy, but disappointingly not a greater survival benefit.

现在人们普遍认为，新辅助化疗（手术前）可提供与辅助化疗相同的生存获益，但令人失望的，并没有带来更大的生存获益。

Those are called adjuvants, from the Latin " adjuvare, " to help or aid.

这些被称为剂，来自拉丁语“adjuvare”，用于帮助或帮助。

All studies have allowed SoC adjuvant platinum-based chemotherapy prior to starting immunotherapy.

所有研究都允许在开始免疫治疗之前进行 SoC 辅助铂类化疗。

There are many different antigens to choose from and many different adjuvants.

有许多不同的抗原可供选择，也有许多不同的剂。

Raman's adjuvant was tapioca, Glennie's was alum, an aluminium salt, the most widely used adjuvant today.

拉曼的剂木薯， 格伦尼的则明矾，一种铝盐， 这也当今最广泛使用的剂。

Meanwhile, ongoing clinical trials are exploring the use of neoadjuvant and adjuvant immunotherapy using PD-1 or PD-L1 inhibitors and targeted therapies in resectable lung cancer.

与此同时，正在进行的临床试验正在探索使用PD-1或PD-L1抑制剂的新辅助和辅助免疫治疗以及靶向治疗在可切除肺癌中的应用。

And we might add an adjuvant, as we talked about, to boost an immune response.

正如我们所说，我们可能会加一种剂来增强免疫反应。

In another study, patients who underwent VATS showed significantly increased use of adjuvant chemotherapy (earlier onset and higher completion rate) compared with those who underwent thoracotomy.

在另一项研究中，与接受开胸手术的患者相比，接受 VATS 的患者辅助化疗的使用显着增加（起效更早，完成率更高）。