From a Silurian fish to Homo sapiens was a long journey.

从志留纪鱼到智人是一段漫长旅程。

While fish with jaws first appeared in the Silurian, they proliferated in the Devonian.

虽然有颚鱼最早出现在 志留纪，但它们在泥盆纪大量繁殖。

Most of these are also reasonably well known, Cretaceous, Jurassic, Triassic, Silurian, and so on.

其中大多数也是相当知名, 白亜纪, 侏罗纪, 三叠纪, 志留纪等等。

One of the ideas is scorpions came out of the water from Silurian period long time ago.

——其中一个想法是蝎子很久以前从志留纪时期就从水中出现了。

Scientists imagine that these booms would have made graptolites the equivalent  of krill during the Silurian.

科学家们认为，在志留纪时期，这些爆发使得笔石相当于现在磷虾。

The culprit was an apex predator that dominated the seas of the late Silurian and early Devonian: the sea scorpion.

罪魁祸是一种顶级捕食者，它统治了晚志留世和早泥盆世海洋：海蝎。

Considering the consequences of these extinctions, it seems unbelievable that we once  thought the Silurian was so peaceful.

考虑到这些灭绝，真不敢相信我们曾经认为志留纪是如此平静。

This twofold impact known as the Ordovician-Silurian Extinction, wiped out about 25% of all taxonomic families, including about half of trilobite families.

这次被称为奥陶纪-志留纪灭绝事件双重打击，消灭了大约25%所有分类科，包括约一半三叶虫科。

So we call, or Gavin called this the Silurian hypothesis after the " Doctor Who" episode with the lizard creatures, the Silurians.

因此我们称之为，或者说加文根据《神秘博士》中关于蜥蜴生那集， 将其称为志留纪假说，也就是志留纪人。

Adam Sedgwick of Cambridge claimed for the Cambrian period a layer of rock that Roderick Murchison believed belonged rightly to the Silurian.

剑桥大学亚当·塞奇威克 (Adam Sedgwick) 声称, 寒武纪时期一层岩石, 罗德里克·默奇森 (Roderick Murchison) 认为属于志留纪。

These events happened at least  15 times throughout the Silurian, and we're still not actually sure why.

这些事件在整个志留纪期间至少发生了15次，但我们仍然不清楚具体原因。

The fish fossils were discovered at two sites in Chongqing and Guizhou, whose strata date back to the Silurian Period that began around 440 million years ago.

这些古鱼化石是在我国重庆、贵州等地志留纪早期距今约 4.4 亿年地层中发现。

Though only a few centimeters long, these graptolites would help unlock much  bigger secrets of the Silurian period.

尽管这些笔石只有几厘米长，它们却能帮助揭开志留纪时期许多更大秘密。

But that picture of the Silurian  could not have been more wrong.

但那个关于志留纪描述可能错得离谱。

And, most of all, they show us how unpredictable  the Silurian period really could be.

而且，最重要是，它们展示了志留纪时期究竟有多么不可预测。

The Lau or Kozlowski Event in the  late Silurian wiped out 70% of the graptolite species, and also  nearly 23% of all marine life.

晚志留纪劳事件或科兹洛夫斯基事件灭绝了70%笔石种类，同时也几乎消灭了23%所有海洋生。

But as the Silurian gave way to the Devonian, a dangerous new competitive pressure entered the seas — the armored, jawed fish known as the placoderms.

但当志留纪过渡到泥盆纪时，一种新危险竞争压力进入了海洋——那就是被称为盾皮鱼装甲有颌鱼。

But the Silurian was also very different from the  Earth today in a number of other ways.

但是志留纪在许多其他方面也与今天地非常不同。

Today we know that the Silurian  was a time of incredible change, a trend now seen in chemistry, rocks, and many different types of fossils.

如今我们知道志留纪是一个变化巨大时期，这种趋势现在可以从化学成分、岩石以及许多不同类型化石中看到。

The newfound mobility of this group allowed it to diversify throughout the Silurian, and fast, as they were able to colonize new areas and take advantage of new niches.

这一群体新获得移能力使其在整个志留纪时期迅速多样化，它们能够开拓新区域并利用新生态位。