Protonema (pl. protonemata) The young bryophyte gametophyte that develops following spore germination.

苔藓植物中直接由孢子萌发形成结构称为原丝体。

Gametangium (pl. gametangia) A cell or organ in which sexual cells (gametes) are produced.

配子囊（配偶子囊）：由性（配子）产生或器官。

Tapetum (pl. tapeta) A food-rich layer surrounding the spore mother cells in the anthers of vascular plants.

维管植物花粉囊内包围孢子母营养物质一层结构。

Pseudopodium (pl. pseudopodia) 1. A leafless stalk that bears the capsule in Sphagnum and other mosses that lack a seta.

1.一种在泥炭藓属和其他缺乏蒴柄藓类中结构。它是一种无叶柄，其上生有蒴果。

Hymenium (pl. hymenia) A layer of the fruiting body of certain ascomycete and basidiomycete fungi in which the asci or basidia are borne.

真菌根据其“果实”（子实体译者注）结构特征分为三大门类：接合菌类、子囊菌类和担子菌类。

Lomentum (pl. lomenta) A dry dehiscent fruit formed from a single carpel and bearing more than one seed, as in sainfoin (Onobrychis viciifolia).

由单心皮组成有多个种子裂果，如红豆草(Onobrychisviciifolia)。

Undulipodium (pl. undulipodia) A whiplike organelle that protrudes from a eukaryotic cell and is used chiefly for locomotion (e.g. motile gametes) or feeding (e.g. ciliate protoctists).

波动足（生毛体）：真核表面突起鞭状结构，主要作用为运动(如：游动精子)和摄食(如：纤毛protoctists)。