Typically, TB bacteria called mycobacterium tuberculosis, are airborne.

导致肺的杆菌一般是由空气传播的。

" We've discovered that vitamin C kills Mycobacterium tuberculosis cells."

“我们发现维生素 C 能杀死枝杆菌。”

The most well known one is mycobacterium tuberculosis, also just called TB.

最著名的是枝杆菌，也缩写成TB。

Several pathogens have been implicated, like Mycobacterium paratuberculosis as well as Pseudomona and Listeria species.

多种病原体与克罗恩病的发病相关，如副枝杆菌、假单胞菌和李斯特菌属。

If so, mycobacterium tuberculosis will reproduce inside those macrophages, and form colonies in the surrounding lung tissue.

这时杆菌会在巨噬细胞内繁殖，并在周边组织形成菌落。

Now Mycobacterium tuberculosis is usually transmitted via inhalation, which is how they gain entry into the lungs.

枝杆菌的传播途径通常是吸入途径，也就是它们进入人体肺部的方法。

Certain types of mycobacteria can also lurk in hot tub water.

某些类型的枝杆菌也可以潜伏在热水浴缸。

These samples can then get sent to the lab for staining, culture, and PCR to look for evidence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

标到实验室去做染色实验、细菌培养以及聚合酶链式反应，来检验TB存在的证明。

Also, we should keep in mind that over a quarter of the world's population is infected with mycobacteria.

此外，我们应铭记，全球超过四之一的人口感染了杆菌。

Usually it's caused by viruses and bacteria, but it can also be caused by fungi and a special class of bacteria called mycobacteria.

通常它是由病毒和细菌引起的，但也可能由真菌和一种叫做枝杆菌的特殊细菌引起。

TB is tricky though, and once inside the macrophage, they produce a protein that inhibits this fusion, which allows the Mycobacterium to survive.

但是TB也不是省油的灯，一旦进入到巨噬细胞体内，它们就会产生抑制这种融合的蛋白，以此让枝杆菌获得生存。

Many people with AIDS die from infections that a healthy immune system would typically be able to fend off, like pneumocystis, cytomegalovirus, or mycobacterium avium complex.

许多艾滋病患者死于原健康的免疫系统可抵抗的感染，比如卡氏肺孢子菌、巨细胞病毒或鸟枝杆菌复合物。

These include the bacteria Mycobacterium tuberculosis, that can cause tuberculosis, the protozoan Plasmodium, which causes Malaria, the fungus Trichophyton rubrum, which causes ringworm, and the virus Varicella zoster, which causes Chickenpox.

这些包括可以导致病的枝杆菌，导致疟疾的原生动物疟原虫，会引起癣的真菌红毛癣菌，会引起水痘的水痘病毒。

And then of course there's tubercular meningitis which is caused by the Mycobacterium tuberculosis bacteria, and finally parasitic causes of meningitis like P. falciparum which is the main cause of malaria.

然后当然还有性脑膜炎，由枝杆菌引起；最后还有脑膜炎的寄生病因，比如像是恶性疟原虫，也是疟疾的主要病因。

(Tuberculosis DNA has been reported from the mummy of a Peruvian Indian who died 1,000 years ago, but the identification procedure used did not distinguish human tuberculosis from a closely related pathogen (Mycobacterium bovis) that is widespread in wild animals.

（从 1000 年前死亡的秘鲁印第安人的木乃伊发现了病 DNA，但所使用的鉴定程序并未将人类病与在野生动物广泛传播的密切相关的病原体（牛枝杆菌）区开来。