endoscopic

Performation of surgical procedures anterior to ethmoid bulla can avoid risks of the other models, therefore, endoscopic frontal sinusotomy in the route anterior to ethmoid bulla is a safe model.

结论通过鼻内镜对额窦开口周围解剖结构观察，认为星状裂作为恒定解剖标志是识别额窦开口关键区域。筛泡前路是鼻内镜下额窦开放安全入路，能避免其他路存在某些风险。

Conclusion: The best treating method of rhinorrhe in front bases of skull, bases of saddle and clivus blurnenbachii orificium fistulae except malignant tumor is endoscopic repair of fistubus opening.

前颅底、鞍底、斜坡处瘘口，除恶性肿瘤引起鼻漏，最佳治疗方法是鼻内镜下修补瘘孔。

In all cases no one primarily recurred.Conclusions:Endoscopic treatment by endothermy heater forcels biopsy is an effective and safe therapetic method for flat colonic adenoma.

内镜下热活检钳高频电灼治疗大肠扁平腺瘤方法切实可行、安全可靠，在治疗上有一定实用价值。

Conclusions: Endoscopic retrolabyrinthine approach has an excellent visual angle in dealing with the facial nerve and related micro-vessels in the CPA.

内窥镜下迷路后入路对小脑脑桥角区面神血管处理有极好视角。

Laryngomalacia is the most common etiology of non-infectious molluscum in infancy.Endoscopic morphology revealed abnormal droop of sub-glottis structures in inhale.

喉软化是婴儿期最常见非传染性喘鸣病因,内镜检查显示,吸气时声门上有异常下垂。

Conclusion The lacrimal pathway obstruction after external dacryocystorhinotomy can usually be cured by the transnasal endoscopic examination and treatment.

结论对鼻外泪囊鼻腔吻合术后泪不通病例，鼻内镜下对吻合口进行检查，针对不同情况进行相应处理，常能使病人再次康复。

Techniques to resolve the difficult cannulation cases include tapered tip catheter, guide wire, papillotome, and precut endoscopic papillotomy (EPT).

对于较困难之病例，尖细型管子，导引线方法，电刀内视镜乳突先前切开术乃解决方法。

To investigate the effects of endoscopic high frequency electrosection and hot biopsy electrocautery on prolapse of gastric mucosa.

结论内镜下热活检灼除法治疗胃黏膜脱垂症易于操作,疗效确切,安全性高。

Conclusions: At present, endoscopic sphenoidotomy is the mainstay of treatment for isolated sphenoid sinusitis.

但有免疫缺陷疾病者，容易并发眼窝和颅内合并症，预后较差。

We randomly assigned patients to undergo endoscopic trans ampullary drainage of the pancreatic duct or operative pancreaticojejunostomy.

我们随机将病人分配致内镜下壶腹部胰管引流组或外科胰管空肠吻合术组。